Exam 1 Flashcards Set

Information System

Interrelated components working together to collect, process, store, and disseminate information.

Feedback Mechanism

A component of information systems that monitors and controls operations.

Competitive Advantage

The ability to generate more sales and achieve superior profit margins.

Leavitt's Diamond Model

A framework used to introduce new systems into the workplace, focusing on people, technology, processes, and structure.

Personal Information System

An information system that improves the productivity of individual users for stand-alone tasks.

Workgroup Information System

An information system that enables effective collaboration among team members.

Enterprise Information System

An information system that addresses organization-wide business needs.

Interorganizational IS

An information system that enables sharing of information across organizational boundaries.

Strategic Planning

A managerial process to identify initiatives and projects for organizational objectives.

CIO (Chief Information Officer)

The executive responsible for achieving the organization's goals using IS department's resources.

Software Developer

A professional who creates and maintains applications and operating systems.

IS Security Analyst

An individual who plans and implements security measures for systems and data.

Systems Analyst

A professional who defines requirements for new information systems.

Programmer

A person who translates program designs into working software.

Web Developer

An individual who designs and manages websites.

Business Analyst

A professional who evaluates and solves business challenges.

CPU

The central processing unit, the primary component of a computer that performs calculations.

RAM (Random Access Memory)

Temporary volatile storage that stores data and machine code currently being used.

Cache Memory

High-speed memory that processors can access more rapidly than main memory.

ROM (Read-Only Memory)

Nonvolatile memory that permanently stores data and instructions.

Special-purpose Computer

A computer designed to perform a specific set of tasks.

General-purpose Computer

A computer that can perform a variety of tasks and run multiple applications.

Supercomputer

A powerful computer designed for extensive computational capabilities.

Operating System (OS)

Programs that control a computer’s hardware and manage tasks.

Kernel

The core component of an operating system that regulates system operations.

Proprietary Software

Software that is tailored for specific organizations and is not free to use or share.

Software as a Service (SaaS)

A software delivery model where applications are hosted by a service provider and accessed via the Internet.

Open-Source Software

Software that is typically free and allows modifications by anyone.

Network Topology

The arrangement of different elements (links, nodes, etc.) in a computer network.

Star Network

A network topology where all devices are connected to a central hub.

Wi-Fi

A wireless networking technology that allows devices to connect to the Internet.

IP Address

A unique identifier assigned to devices connected to a network.

MAC Address

A hardware identification number that uniquely identifies each device on a network.

Client/Server Model

A network architecture where many clients request services from centralized servers.

Phishing

A cyberattack vector involving fraudulent email schemes to trick individuals into revealing sensitive information.

Trojan Horse

Malicious software disguised as legitimate software.

CIA Security Triad

Three core principles of cybersecurity: Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability.

Risk Assessment

The process of identifying and prioritizing threats to an organization.

Authentication Methods

Techniques used to verify the identity of a user trying to access a system.

Encryption

The process of converting information or data into a code to prevent unauthorized access.

Network Types

Different classifications of networks, including PAN, LAN, MAN, and WAN.

Twisted-Pair Wire

A type of cable used for telecommunications and networking, consisting of pairs of wires twisted together.

Fiber-Optic Cable

A medium for transmitting data as pulses of light through strands of glass or plastic.

Bluetooth

A short-range wireless technology standard for exchanging data between devices.

Worm

A self-replicating malicious program that spreads across networks.

Cache Memory

A small-sized type of volatile computer memory that provides high-speed data access to the processor.