Extra Theories Stuff

who writes about the concept of ontological security

jennifer mitzen

what security is Realism talking about when it talks about the security dilemma

physical security

for constructivism, a purely physical understanding of the security dilemma is …

limited

what is ontological security (MITZEN)

security of the self in a psychological sense

when an actor has no idea what to expect, they cannot … (MITZEN)

systematically relate ends to means, and they have no idea how to pursue their ends

the ontological security of individuals is formed and secured through …

relationships

how can ontological security conflict with physical security: what sort of relationships can still provide ontological security

harmful or self-defeating ones

what does the assumption of ontological security offer for the apparent irrationality of some conflicts

structural explanation

examples of ways Mitzen suggests we can end these conflicts based in ontological security

cold war history panels, truth commissions

how does ontological security seeking work

drive to minimize uncertainty by imposing cognitive order

states seek ontological security because …

people do

who writes about the chrnology of increasing institutionalisation (L)

john ikenberry

what does Ikenberry think states resorted to to establish restraints on arbitrary state power

institutional strategies

when did Ikenberry see this international order based on international law as becoming successful in ensuring long term order

1919 and 1945

what are international institutions like the UN supposed to do (KEOHANE)

benefit all members, including weaker states

example of UN policy being largely influenced by weaker states

latin america push for human rights in 1945 (Sikkink)

what does sikkink describe international law as

weapon of the weak

what does Ikenberry acknowledge international law and institutions did do for powerful states

lock in a favourable order for them

which theory of Sikkink’s recognises how all power inequalities cannot be immediately reduced and rendered irrelevant - but thus doesn’t mean we should ignore the process we have made

sikkink’s non-ideal theory

who argues that through the LIO, the US has acted as offensive realists predicted, hailing liberal nostrums while applying classical methods of containment on Russia

Sakwa

what was it that meant the LIO was perceived in an offensive realist manner by Russia after cold war (SAKWA)

unresolved structural tensions