AP Human Geography Unit 4 Test Review

State

A politically organized body of people under a single government

Boundary

Invisible line that marks the extent of a state's territory

Physical boundary

A political boundary that follows a feature of the natural environment

Compact state

A state that posses a roughly circular shape from which the geometric center is relatively equal in all directions.

Federal state

An internal organization of a state that allocates most powers to units of local government.

Self-determination

Concept that ethnicities have the right to govern themselves

Balkanization

To divide into small, quarrelsome states

Centripetal force

An attitude that tends to unify people and enhance support for a state

Centrifugal force

Forces that tend to divide a country

Nation-state

A state whose territory corresponds to that occupied by a particular ethnicitity that has been transformed into a nationality

Micro-state

A state or territory that is small in both size and population

Fragmented state

A state that includes several discontinuous pieces of territory

Unitary state

An internal organization of a state that places most power in the hands of central government officials

Colonialism

The control or governing influence of a nation over a dependent country, territory, or people

Devolution

The handing down of power to regions and localities

Cultural boundary

A political boundary that follows some cultural border

City-state

A city with political and economic control over the surrounding countryside

Prorupted state

A state with a narrow elongated land extension leading away from the main territory

Imperialism

Any instance of aggressive extension of authority

Territoriality

An aspect of human behavior that refers to the need to lay claim to the spaces we occupy and the things we own (need for self-identity and freedom of choice)

Nation

A large group of people organized under a single government

Geometric boundary

Straight lines that serve as political boundaries that aren't related to physical/cultural differences

Elongated state

A state whose territory is long and narrow in shape

Landlocked

State with no direct access to an ocean or other body of water

Sovereign state

Independent and free from all external control

Gerrymandering

To divide into voting districts so as to give unfair advantage to one party in elections

Ethnonationalism

The identification and loyalty a person may feel for his or her nation

European Union

An international organization of European countries formed after World War II to reduce trade barriers and increase cooperation among its members

United Nations

Organization formed after WWII to help nations live together in peace

NATO

an alliance made to defend one another if they were attacked by any other country; US, England, France, Canada, Western European countries

NAFTA

A trade agreement between Canada, the United States and Mexico that encourages free trade between these North American countries

OPEC

an organization of countries formed in 1961 to agree on a common policy for the production and sale of petroleum

Terrorism

The use of violence by groups against civilians to achieve a political goal