Esterification

Ester stretch

1735

Weak aromatic ring

1660-2000

Medium aromatic ring

1450-1600

Aqueous layer

Sulfuric acid majority of methanol

Organic layer

Dichloromethane

Neutralize aqueous layer with

Sodium carbonate (a base Na2CO3)

Catalyst needed for esterification

Strong acid

1st step esterification

Oxygen gets protonated by H3O/acid

2nd step of esterification

Oxygen in alcohol attacks carbonyl carbon, double bond in carbonyl breaks, OH attaches

3rd step

Proton transfer attacks OH on the end creating water and leaves. Carbonyl reforms

4th step

Water protonates carbonyl OH creates water

Dehydration mechanisms step 1

OH protonates acid

Dehydration step 2

Water attacks hydrogen and hydrogen bond forms alkene. Water leaves

Step 3 dehydration

Alkene is formed

Grignard reaction step 1

Grignard attacks carbonyl carbon and bond from O in ester attacks O causing it to leave

Grignard reaction step 2

Carbonyl oxygen breaks double bond and pronates acid

Grignard reaction step 3

2nd grignard attacks carbonyl carbon, final product is formed

Friedel-Crafts reaction step 1

Alcohol protonates acid creates water

Friedel-Crafts reaction step 2

Water leaves and alkene bond from ring attacks center carbon

Friedel-Crafts reaction step 3

Alkene splits, alcohol group is attached to the ring and water attacks hydrogen, hydrogen leaves and deforms double bond