Superficial Mycoses Dermatophytes Ai

Which term refers specifically to fungal infection of hair, nails, and stratum corneum caused by dermatophytes?

A. Dermatomycosis
B. Dermatophytosis
C. Mycetoma
D. Sporotrichosis

Dermatophytosis

Which term is the most general for any fungal infection of the skin?

A. Dermatophytosis
B. Dermatomycosis
C. Keratomycosis
D. Onychomycosis

Dermatomycosis

Which of the following genera includes dermatophytes that infect hair, skin, and nails?

A. Candida
B. Microsporum, Epidermophyton, Trichophyton
C. Aspergillus
D. Cryptococcus

Microsporum, Epidermophyton, Trichophyton

Which dermatophyte genus infects hair and skin but NOT nails?

A. Microsporum
B. Trichophyton
C. Epidermophyton
D. Malassezia

Microsporum

Which dermatophyte genus infects skin and nails but NOT hair?

A. Microsporum
B. Trichophyton
C. Epidermophyton
D. Malassezia

Epidermophyton

Which genus infects skin, hair, and nails?

A. Microsporum
B. Epidermophyton
C. Trichophyton
D. Hortaea

Trichophyton

Which structural feature explains why dermatophytes infect keratinized tissues?

A. Lipase production
B. Keratinophilic nature
C. Capsule formation
D. Spore motility

Keratinophilic nature

Which Microsporum species lacks a known teleomorph?

A. M. canis
B. M. gypseum
C. M. audouinii
D. M. ferrugineum

M. audouinii

Which feature best describes Microsporum audouinii?

A. Abundant macroconidia
B. Usually devoid of conidia
C. Produces spiral hyphae
D. Has clavate macroconidia

Usually devoid of conidia

Which Microsporum species produces abundant thick-walled macroconidia with curved ends?

A. M. audouinii
B. M. canis
C. M. gypseum
D. M. ferrugineum

M. canis

Which Microsporum species shows brownish-yellow colonies due to abundant macroconidia?

A. M. audouinii
B. M. canis
C. M. gypseum
D. M. nanum

M. gypseum

Macroconidia with 4–6 septa and ragged colony edges are characteristic of:

A. M. audouinii
B. M. canis
C. M. gypseum
D. T. rubrum

M. gypseum

Which laboratory artifact may cause collapse of macroconidia walls?

A. KOH prep
B. Lactophenol mount
C. Gram stain
D. Ziehl-Neelsen stain

Lactophenol mount

Which dermatophyte produces NO microconidia?

A. Microsporum canis
B. Trichophyton mentagrophytes
C. Epidermophyton floccosum
D. Trichophyton rubrum

Epidermophyton floccosum

The presence of clavate macroconidia is characteristic of:

A. Microsporum
B. Trichophyton
C. Epidermophyton floccosum
D. Candida

Epidermophyton floccosum

Which organism is commonly associated with tinea cruris and tinea unguium?

A. M. canis
B. T. rubrum
C. Epidermophyton floccosum
D. T. tonsurans

Epidermophyton floccosum

What is the meaning of the term “Trichophyton”?

A. Nail fungus
B. Skin parasite
C. Hair plant
D. Spore former

Hair plant

Which characteristic is MOST useful in identifying Trichophyton species?

A. Macroconidia abundance
B. Microconidia shape and arrangement
C. Capsule presence
D. Pigment production

Microconidia shape and arrangement

Which microconidia shape is pear-like?

A. Globose
B. Pyriform
C. Clavate
D. Septate

Pyriform

Which infection pattern involves arthrospores forming on the surface of hair?

A. Endothrix
B. Ectothrix
C. Intracellular
D. Subcutaneous

Ectothrix

Which infection pattern involves fungal growth inside the hair shaft?

A. Ectothrix
B. Endothrix
C. Subepithelial
D. Interstitial

Endothrix

Small-spored ectothrix infection is typically caused by:

A. T. verrucosum
B. T. mentagrophytes
C. T. schoenleinii
D. M. canis

T. mentagrophytes

Large-spored ectothrix infection is associated with:

A. T. tonsurans
B. T. rubrum
C. T. verrucosum
D. T. violaceum

T. verrucosum

“Black dot” endothrix infection is caused by:

A. T. rubrum
B. T. mentagrophytes
C. T. tonsurans
D. M. canis

T. tonsurans

Favus (honeycomb hair destruction) is caused by:

A. T. mentagrophytes
B. T. rubrum
C. T. schoenleinii
D. M. gypseum

T. schoenleinii

Which dermatophyte shows spiral hyphae and grape-like microconidia clusters?

A. T. rubrum
B. T. mentagrophytes
C. T. tonsurans
D. T. violaceum

T. mentagrophytes

Which dermatophyte is the MOST common cause of tinea pedis?

A. T. rubrum
B. T. mentagrophytes
C. E. floccosum
D. M. canis

T. mentagrophytes

Which dermatophyte is the MOST common and widely distributed in humans?

A. T. mentagrophytes
B. T. rubrum
C. T. tonsurans
D. T. verrucosum

T. rubrum

Which organism produces a red pigment resembling burgundy wine in culture?

A. T. mentagrophytes
B. T. rubrum
C. M. canis
D. E. floccosum

T. rubrum

Which dermatophyte rarely infects hair but commonly infects nails and skin?

A. T. rubrum
B. T. tonsurans
C. T. violaceum
D. M. gypseum

T. rubrum

Which species causes endothrix infection and is a common cause of tinea capitis?

A. T. rubrum
B. T. tonsurans
C. M. canis
D. E. floccosum

T. tonsurans

Which dermatophyte produces yellowish-brown colonies on reverse?

A. T. mentagrophytes
B. T. rubrum
C. T. tonsurans
D. M. canis

T. tonsurans

Which dermatophyte requires thiamine for growth and produces violet colonies?

A. T. rubrum
B. T. violaceum
C. T. mentagrophytes
D. T. tonsurans

T. violaceum

Which dermatophyte is associated with cattle and grows best at 37°C?

A. T. mentagrophytes
B. T. verrucosum
C. T. rubrum
D. T. tonsurans

T. verrucosum

Which dermatophyte produces antler-like hyphae?

A. T. rubrum
B. T. mentagrophytes
C. T. verrucosum
D. T. violaceum

T. verrucosum

Which dermatophyte causes tinea favosa and may lead to permanent baldness?

A. T. rubrum
B. T. mentagrophytes
C. T. schoenleinii
D. T. tonsurans

T. schoenleinii

Which dermatophyte lacks both microconidia and macroconidia even in enriched media?

A. T. rubrum
B. T. mentagrophytes
C. T. schoenleinii
D. T. tonsurans

T. schoenleinii

Which dermatophyte is primarily a soil organism and rarely infects humans?

A. T. rubrum
B. T. ajelloi
C. T. tonsurans
D. T. mentagrophytes

T. ajelloi

Which ecological group includes dermatophytes that live in soil?

A. Anthropophilic
B. Zoophilic
C. Geophilic
D. Saprophytic

Geophilic

Which ecological group includes dermatophytes primarily infecting humans?

A. Geophilic
B. Zoophilic
C. Anthropophilic
D. Parasitic

Anthropophilic

Which ecological group includes dermatophytes transmitted from animals?

A. Anthropophilic
B. Geophilic
C. Zoophilic
D. Environmental

Zoophilic

Which condition refers to ringworm infection of the scalp?

A. Tinea corporis
B. Tinea cruris
C. Tinea capitis
D. Tinea pedis

Tinea capitis

Which tinea infection affects the inguinal region?

A. Tinea capitis
B. Tinea cruris
C. Tinea pedis
D. Tinea manuum

Tinea cruris

Which tinea infection affects the nails?

A. Tinea corporis
B. Tinea pedis
C. Tinea unguium
D. Tinea barbae

Tinea unguium

Which tinea infection is also known as athlete’s foot?

A. Tinea corporis
B. Tinea cruris
C. Tinea pedis
D. Tinea capitis

Tinea pedis

Which diagnostic method uses 10% KOH to clear keratin?

A. Gram stain
B. Acid-fast stain
C. KOH preparation
D. India ink

KOH preparation

Which major environmental condition favors dermatophyte transmission?

A. Dry cold climates
B. Warm, damp environments
C. High altitude
D. Sterile surfaces

Warm, damp environments

Which setting is commonly associated with outbreaks of dermatophyte infection?

A. Hospitals only
B. Schools and military camps
C. Laboratories
D. Rural farms only

Schools and military camps

Which dermatophyte is commonly transmitted via infected squames in tinea pedis?

A. T. rubrum
B. T. mentagrophytes
C. E. floccosum
D. M. canis

T. rubrum

Which area is MOST commonly affected in tinea pedis?

A. Heel
B. Between 4th and 5th toes
C. Sole
D. Dorsum of foot

Between 4th and 5th toes

Which symptom is characteristic of Grade I tinea pedis?

A. Severe bacterial infection
B. Mild itching and maceration
C. Necrosis
D. Ulceration

Mild itching and maceration

Which finding indicates Grade II tinea pedis?

A. No symptoms
B. Burning sensation during walking
C. Systemic infection
D. Hair loss

Burning sensation during walking

Which complication defines Grade III tinea pedis?

A. Viral infection
B. Secondary bacterial infection
C. Nail loss
D. Pigmentation

Secondary bacterial infection

Which solution is commonly used as a soak for tinea pedis?

A. 1:100 NaCl
B. 1:4000 KMnO₄
C. Alcohol 70%
D. Formalin

1:4000 KMnO₄

Which drug is fungistatic and used systemically for persistent tinea pedis?

A. Amphotericin B
B. Griseofulvin
C. Nystatin
D. Fluconazole

Griseofulvin

Which drug is commonly used as an alternative systemic antifungal in tinea pedis?

A. Terbinafine
B. Penicillin
C. Isoniazid
D. Acyclovir

Terbinafine

Dermatophytid reaction refers to:

A. Direct fungal invasion
B. Allergic reaction distant from infection
C. Bacterial infection
D. Viral co-infection

Allergic reaction distant from infection

Which area is commonly affected in dermatophytid reaction?

A. Scalp
B. Fingers and hands
C. Nails
D. Groin

Fingers and hands

Which metabolite causes symptoms in tinea corporis?

A. Endotoxins
B. Fungal toxins/allergens
C. DNA fragments
D. Capsules

Fungal toxins/allergens

Which lesion pattern is typical of tinea corporis?

A. Linear
B. Ring-like (annular)
C. Nodular
D. Vesicular only

Ring-like (annular)

Which dermatophyte is NOT a common cause of tinea corporis?

A. T. rubrum
B. T. mentagrophytes
C. M. canis
D. Candida albicans

Candida albicans

What is the main mode of transmission of tinea corporis?

A. Airborne droplets
B. Direct contact or fomites
C. Blood transfusion
D. Vector-borne

Direct contact or fomites

Which treatment is commonly used for localized tinea corporis?

A. Penicillin
B. Tolnaftate
C. Heparin
D. Rifampicin

Tolnaftate

Which condition is more common in men and affects the groin?

A. Tinea capitis
B. Tinea cruris
C. Tinea pedis
D. Tinea barbae

Tinea cruris

Which area is usually spared in tinea cruris?

A. Inner thigh
B. Scrotum
C. Penis
D. Groin

Penis

Which dermatophyte survives long on fomites and causes epidemics?

A. T. rubrum
B. T. mentagrophytes
C. E. floccosum
D. M. canis

E. floccosum

Which is a major risk factor for tinea cruris?

A. Low humidity
B. Tight clothing
C. Cold exposure
D. High protein diet

Tight clothing

Which underlying condition predisposes to tinea cruris?

A. Hypertension
B. Diabetes
C. Asthma
D. Migraine

Diabetes

Weeping lesions in the groin suggest infection by:

A. Dermatophytes
B. Candida albicans
C. Viruses
D. Bacteria

Candida albicans

Which diagnostic test confirms dermatophyte infection in tinea cruris?

A. Blood culture
B. KOH preparation
C. PCR only
D. ELISA

KOH preparation

Which condition refers to fungal infection of nails?

A. Tinea pedis
B. Tinea unguium
C. Tinea capitis
D. Tinea corporis

Tinea unguium

Which form of onychomycosis affects only the surface of the nail?

A. Subungual
B. Leukonychia mycotica
C. Invasive
D. Systemic

Leukonychia mycotica

Which feature characterizes invasive subungual dermatophytosis?

A. Surface patches only
B. Infection under nail plate
C. Hair loss
D. Skin rash

Infection under nail plate

Which dermatophyte is a major cause of tinea unguium?

A. T. rubrum
B. M. gypseum
C. Candida
D. Aspergillus

T. rubrum

Which statement about tinea unguium is TRUE?

A. Easily cured
B. Resolves spontaneously
C. Resistant to treatment
D. Only affects children

Resistant to treatment

Which treatment involves removal of the nail?

A. Ablation
B. Excision biopsy
C. Debridement
D. Cryotherapy

Ablation

Which drug requires long-term therapy (months to a year) in nail infection?

A. Penicillin
B. Griseofulvin
C. Acyclovir
D. Metronidazole

Griseofulvin

Which infection affects scalp, eyebrows, and eyelashes?

A. Tinea corporis
B. Tinea capitis
C. Tinea cruris
D. Tinea pedis

Tinea capitis

Which diagnostic tool uses fluorescence to detect Microsporum?

A. UV lamp
B. Wood’s lamp
C. Infrared light
D. X-ray

Wood’s lamp

Which dermatophyte fluoresces green under Wood’s lamp?

A. Trichophyton
B. Microsporum
C. Epidermophyton
D. Candida

Microsporum

Lack of fluorescence under Wood’s lamp suggests:

A. No infection
B. Trichophyton infection
C. Bacterial infection
D. Viral infection

Trichophyton infection

Which type of tinea capitis often resolves spontaneously?

A. Endothrix
B. Ectothrix
C. Subcutaneous
D. Systemic

Ectothrix

Which type of tinea capitis tends to be chronic?

A. Ectothrix
B. Endothrix
C. Acute
D. Transient

Endothrix

Which drug is contraindicated in porphyria in tinea capitis?

A. Terbinafine
B. Griseofulvin
C. Ketoconazole
D. Miconazole

Griseofulvin

Which organism causes pityriasis versicolor?

A. Candida
B. Malassezia furfur
C. Trichophyton
D. Aspergillus

Malassezia furfur

Which description is classic for pityriasis versicolor microscopy?

A. Chains of spores
B. Spaghetti and meatballs
C. Budding yeast only
D. Hyphae only

Spaghetti and meatballs

Which feature is seen in pityriasis versicolor?

A. Nodules
B. Hypopigmented or hyperpigmented macules
C. Ulcers
D. Vesicles

Hypopigmented or hyperpigmented macules

Which treatment is used for pityriasis versicolor?

A. Penicillin
B. Selenium sulfide
C. Rifampicin
D. Isoniazid

Selenium sulfide

Which organism causes tinea nigra?

A. Trichosporon
B. Hortaea werneckii
C. Candida
D. Aspergillus

Hortaea werneckii

Which feature is typical of tinea nigra?

A. Red plaques
B. Brown macules on palms
C. Vesicles
D. Hair loss

Brown macules on palms

Which organism causes black piedra?

A. Trichosporon
B. Piedraia hortae
C. Candida
D. Malassezia

Piedraia hortae

Which feature characterizes black piedra?

A. Soft nodules
B. Hard black nodules on hair
C. Vesicles
D. Ulcers

Hard black nodules on hair

Which organism causes white piedra?

A. Piedraia
B. Trichosporon
C. Candida
D. Malassezia

Trichosporon

Which feature characterizes white piedra?

A. Hard nodules
B. Soft white nodules
C. Pigmented plaques
D. Ulcers

Soft white nodules

Which is the treatment for white piedra?

A. Antibiotics
B. Shaving
C. Radiation
D. Chemotherapy

Shaving

Which condition is also known as mycotic keratitis?

A. Tinea pedis
B. Keratomycosis
C. Tinea capitis
D. Tinea corporis

Keratomycosis

Which organism can cause keratomycosis?

A. Aspergillus
B. T. rubrum
C. M. canis
D. E. floccosum

Aspergillus

Which clinical finding is typical of keratomycosis?

A. Hair loss
B. Corneal ulcer
C. Skin rash
D. Nail thickening

Corneal ulcer

Which treatment may be required for severe keratomycosis?

A. Antibiotics
B. Surgery (keratoplasty)
C. Vaccination
D. Antivirals

Surgery (keratoplasty)

Which dermatophyte infects hair and skin but spares nails, produces few conidia, and lacks a teleomorph?

A. M. canis
B. M. gypseum
C. M. audouinii
D. T. rubrum

M. audouinii