Renaissance, Reformation, Enlightenment and Scientific Revolution - Unit 1 Study Guide

Vocabulary flashcards covering key concepts, figures, and terms from the Renaissance, Reformation, Enlightenment, and Scientific Revolution based on the Unit 1 study notes.

The Impact of the Renaissance

Art, politics, literature and more from middle ages to modern civilization.

What the Reformation was

16th century movement leading split in Western Christianity of Protestant churches against of abuses of Roman Catholic church.

What was Humanism

 Emphasizing human reasons and dignity over spiritual or godly like reasonings.

The impact of Machiavelli and the focus of his book “The Prince”

Ended up being right almost most of the things he wrote. Though that the gov should be run by the people. Gain power by any means necessary. “The Prince” talks about how the ruler should keep/gain power if it means cruelty or trickery.

The impact of Martin Luther and why he was against the Catholic Church

He led the Protestant Reformation, which fractured the Catholic Church and created new forms of Christianity.

The impact of King Henry VIII

Unhappy with the church because he wanted a divorce but the church wouldn’t allow.

Impact of the Printing press

Spread’s ideas faster, we wouldn’t have the news today

What led to the Reformation

Caused by Martin Luther’s protest against Catholic Church’s indulgences, spread across Europe by famous invention; printing press.

The impact of the Scientific Revolution

Shifted focus and study from beliefs and traditions to the focus of factual evidence and scientific methods.

How did the Enlightenment and Scientific Revolution are connected

Both about new thinking, new ideas, and how to make life better for people.

How did the Enlightenment thinkers/thinking challenged European rule at the time

People are encouraged by new ways of thinking.

Who is Hobbes, Locke, Montesquieu, and Rousseau were and what they believed about governmental structures/rule

Hobbs (believed in king) and Locke (gov should be different groups of people) believed in the social contract (gov got to treat us right with rights, otherwise we start another one). Montesquieu believed in separation of powers, no need for one ruler, power to keep others in track. Roussea thought citizens were corrupted by society, and must be direct democracy.

What the Heliocentric Theory was

All the planets revolve around it, thinking was flat, earth was only thing in universe but changed their thinking.

Galileo’s explanation of the universe

Discoveries support Copernicus (had the idea), of the heliocentric theory. We are not just the earth, we revolve around the sun. Galileo proved the theory.

The impact of Isaac Newton on the scientific revolution

Views of laws of motion showed people the idea of gravity