APUSH- Period 4 - VQ 4

Democratic Republicans

Descendant from anti-federalists, practiced a strict interpretation of the Constitution, traditionally. Led by Thomas Jefferson, and favored agrarian economy

Second Party System

Period in US politics in which it was dominated by two major parties, democratic-republicans and whigs

Jacksonian Democracy

Political movement/ideology in the 1830’s characterized by a shift in power to the “common man” and expansion of suffrage to all white males.

Spoils System

Practice in which a political party gives office to its supporters after victory as a reward for helping them.

Kitchen Cabinet

Refers to Andrew Jackson’s unofficial cabinet/close group of friends and advisors that were influential on his presidency

Nullification Crisis

Conflict between the federal government and the state government of South Carolina over tariffs that the state deemed unconstitutional. This asserted its right to “nullify” federal laws.

Whig Party

Major political party founded in opposition to president Andrew Jackson. Advocated for strong federal government to help economic development. Leaders were William Henry Harrison and Zachary Taylor.

Universal White Male Suffrage

Politcal policy that extended voting rights to all white males.

Corrupt Bargain of 1824

Accusation by Jackson that John Quincy Adams won the election by promising Henry Clay the role of Secretary of State if he helped him win (spoil system)

Indian Removal Act

Policy by Andrew Jackson that gave the president the right to negotiate with Native Americans for their land, West of the Mississippi, in exchange for land further west. Often led to forced removal of native Americans.

Marbury v. Madison

Established judicial review, the right of the courts to deem executive and legislative actions unconstitutional

McCulloch v. Maryland

Established implied powers of the Constitution, based on the “necessary and proper” clause

Gibbons v. Ogden

Gave the federal government the right to regulate interstate commerce

Worcester v. Georgia

Established the principle of Native American tribal sovereignty

Judicial Review

The power of the courts to deem executive and legislative branches actions unconstitutional

Louisiana Purchase

Napoleon overextended French territory and was weakened significantly after the Haitian Revolution - to get out of debt offered to sell the French Louisiana territory to the United States

Lewis and Clark Expedition

Lewis and Clark were sent by Thomas Jefferson to explore the new Louisiana Territory - they were guided by a Frenchman and his wife, Sacajawea

Manifest Destiny

19th century belief that the United States was divinely predestined to expand across the North American territory

Texas annexation

United States took the independent at the time Texas and added it to their territory. Fueled conflict for the future Mexican-American War

Mexican-American War

Territorial disputes led United States to invade Mexico, ended in the United States acquiring a lot of Mexican territory

Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo

Ended the Mexican-American War, gave the United States a lot of Mexican land, and US had to pay Mexico

Oregon Territory

Given to United States by British

Adams-Onis Treaty

Agreement that gave Florida to US from Spanish, and defined western border of Louisiana territory

Monroe Doctrine

Stated that US was not to be considered for future European colonization and would not be involved in European affairs

Market Revolution

the early 19th-century shift in the United States from local, small-scale farming to a national economy driven by factories, mass production, and regional specialization