Unit 6 Flashcards

Flashcards for Unit 6 Test Review

Nationalism

Pride in one’s country, often leading to aggressive foreign policy.

Failures of Treaty of Versailles

Harsh terms punished Germany, helping Hitler rise.

Stalin and Totalitarian

Stalin ruled the USSR with complete control and suppression of opposition.

Mussolini and Fascism

Italian leader who founded fascism, a system valuing the state above individuals.

Hitler and Nazism

Hitler’s ideology combining fascism, racism, and expansionism.

Militarists in Japan

Leaders who expanded Japan’s empire by invading neighbors.

Neutrality Acts

U.S. laws preventing arms sales and loans to nations at war.

Holocaust

Nazi genocide killing 6 million Jews and others.

Kristallnacht

1938 “Night of Broken Glass” attacks on Jews in Germany.

Genocide

Systematic killing of a group based on race, religion, etc.

Ghettos

Poor, segregated areas where Jews were forced to live.

Concentration Camps

Nazi labor and death camps for Jews and others.

Mass Exterminations

Use of gas chambers and mass killings in camps.

Axis Powers

Alliance of Germany, Italy, and Japan.

Lend-Lease Act

U.S. sent supplies to Allies before entering WWII.

U-boats

German submarines targeting Allied ships.

Allies

U.S., Britain, Soviet Union, and others opposing Axis.

Selective Service System

WWII draft that expanded U.S. armed forces.

Expanding the military

Included women (WAAC) and minorities.

Industry & Labor’s contribution

Converted factories; women & minorities filled jobs.

Manhattan Project

Top-secret effort to develop atomic bomb.

Rationing

Government-limited use of goods to support war effort.

Battle of the Atlantic

Allies fought German subs to keep supply lines open.

Battle of Stalingrad

Soviet victory; major turning point in Eastern Europe.

Dwight D. Eisenhower

U.S. general who led Allied forces in Europe.

D-Day

Allied invasion of Normandy, June 6, 1944.

Battle of the Bulge

Last German offensive; Allies pushed them back.

Liberation of Death Camps

Allies discovered horrors of Holocaust.

FDR’s death / Truman

Truman became president in April 1945.

Douglas MacArthur

U.S. general leading Pacific campaign.

Battle of Midway

Turning point; U.S. destroyed 4 Japanese carriers.

Kamikaze

Japanese suicide pilots.

Iwo Jima

Key island battle; U.S. took control after heavy losses.

Battle for Okinawa

Last major battle; very deadly.

Hiroshima & Nagasaki

Atomic bombings that led to Japan’s surrender.

Yalta Conference

FDR, Churchill, and Stalin planned postwar world.

Nuremberg Trials

Trials of Nazi leaders for war crimes.

Occupation of Japan

U.S. helped rebuild and democratize Japan.

Economic Gains

Ended Depression; jobs and higher wages.

Population Shifts

Movement to cities and West Coast.

GI Bill of Rights

Helped veterans with housing, education, etc.

Zoot Suit Riots

Racial conflicts in LA between sailors and Latino youth.

Internment and its results

Japanese Americans sent to camps; later apology.

Former Allies Clash

U.S. & USSR disagreed on postwar Europe.

UN

Peacekeeping organization formed in 1945.

Potsdam Conference

Tense postwar meeting between Truman, Stalin, Churchill.

Satellite Nations

Eastern European countries controlled by USSR.

Containment

U.S. policy to stop spread of communism.

Iron Curtain

Imaginary line dividing East and West Europe.

Cold War

Long period of tension between U.S. and USSR.

Truman Doctrine

U.S. aid to countries resisting communism.

Marshall Plan

U.S. aid to rebuild Europe economically.

Berlin Airlift

U.S. flew supplies to West Berlin after Soviet blockade.

NATO

U.S.-led military alliance for Western Europe.

Chiang Kai-shek / Mao Zedong

Leaders of China’s civil war; Mao won, China turned communist.

38th Parallel

Division between North and South Korea.

Korean War

War between communist North and democratic South.

Soviet boycott at UN

Allowed UN to intervene in Korea.

MacArthur vs. Truman

Disagreed over expanding war; Truman fired him.

Stalemate

Ended in 1953 with no real victory.

HUAC

Investigated suspected communists, especially in Hollywood.

Ethel & Julius Rosenberg

Executed for spying for USSR.

Joseph McCarthy / McCarthyism

Senator who falsely accused many of communism.

H-bomb

More powerful than atomic bomb; arms race escalated.

Brinkmanship

U.S. policy of pushing dangerous situations to the edge of war.

CIA actions

Secret operations to fight communism (e.g., Iran, Guatemala).

Warsaw Pact

Soviet alliance with Eastern Europe.

Space Race

U.S.–USSR race for dominance in space.

U-2 Incident

U.S. spy plane shot down over USSR; worsened tensions.

GI Bill of Rights

Helped veterans transition to civilian life.

Suburbs

Rapid growth of residential areas outside cities.

Social Unrest (examples)

Strikes, racial tensions, women pushed out of jobs.

Social Conformity

Emphasis on fitting in; traditional family roles.

Baby Boom

Massive increase in birthrate post-WWII.

The Feminine Mystique

Book by Betty Friedan challenging women’s roles.

Consumerism

Growth in buying goods like TVs, cars, appliances.

Mass Media

TV became dominant in homes and culture.

Beat Movement

Rejected mainstream values; inspired counterculture.

Rock ‘n’ Roll

New music genre that shaped youth identity.

White Flight

White families left cities for suburbs.

Urban Renewal

Efforts to improve cities, often displaced poor residents.

Braceros

Mexican laborers brought in to fill farm jobs.

Native American struggles

Lost land, culture; faced poverty.

Termination Policy

U.S. ended tribal status and support to force assimilation.