APUSH UNIT 2 STUDY GUIDE

Which European nation focused primarily on wealth extraction and spreading Christianity in its American colonies?

Spain

The encomienda system was designed to:

grant land and labor from Native Americans to Spanish colonists.

The Spanish colonial society included diverse groups due to the incorporation of

enslaved Africans, free Africans, and mixed-race individuals.

The French and Dutch colonial efforts were characterized by:

trade alliances and intermarriage with Native Americans

What was a primary economic activity in French colonies in North America?

Fur trade.

English colonies were unique compared to other European colonies because they:

established large, separate communities apart from Native Americans.

The first permanent English settlement in North America was:

Jamestown.

The economy of the Chesapeake and North Carolina colonies was heavily based on:

tobacco cultivation.

New England colonies differed from the Chesapeake colonies in that they:

developed around small towns with a mixed economy

The middle colonies were known for their:

flourishing export economy based on cereal crops.

Which crop was a staple in the economy of South Carolina and relied heavily on enslaved African labor?

Rice

The Gullah culture developed as a result of:

the blending of African traditions and new influences in the southern colonies.

In New England, power was often centered in:

participatory town meetings

The Atlantic economy was characterized by the extensive exchange of:

goods, labor, and cultural practices.

The triangular trade system involved the exchange of:

European goods, African slaves, and American commodities.

The introduction of European goods into American Indian communities led to:

significant cultural and economic changes.

The spread of diseases like smallpox among Native populations was a consequence of:

European colonization and contact.

The Navigation Acts were designed to:

restrict colonial trade to benefit England.

The Virginia House of Burgesses was an example of:

early form of representative government in the colonies.

Colonial resistance to British mercantilist policies often resulted in:

inconsistent enforcement of these policies by British authorities.

Which European nation formed alliances with the Iroquois Confederacy?

Britian

Metacom's War, also known as King Philip's War, was primarily fought over:

Land and resource disputes

The Pueblo Revolt of 1680 was significant because it:

Allowed the Pueblo people to regain temporary independence from Spanish rule

After the Pueblo Revolt, the Spanish authorities allowed greater:

Religious freedom and cultural practices

The primary labor force in the plantation systems of the Chesapeake and the southern Atlantic coast was:

Enslaved Africans

Chattel slavery defined enslaved individuals as:

Property with no human rights

The Virginia Slave Codes were significant because they:

Established a legal framework for slavery and racial hierarchy

The Stono Rebellion of 1739 was:

One of the largest slave uprisings in the British colonies

Covert resistance among enslaved Africans included:

Work slowdowns and feigned illness

Maroon communities were:

Colonies of escaped slaves who sought freedom

The Great Awakening contributed to:

The spread of Protestant evangelicalism and revivalism

The process of Anglicization in the British colonies refers to:

The alignment with English cultural and political norms

The Proclamation of 1763 was issued by the British government to:

Restrict colonial expansion beyond the Appalachian Mountains

Colonial resistance to British control was influenced by:

A tradition of self-government and Enlightenment ideas

Enlightenment thinkers like John Locke influenced colonial leaders by:

Emphasizing natural rights and government by consent

The primary reason American Indian groups allied with European powers was:

To gain advantages over rival tribes

The British colonies' use of enslaved Africans was most extensive in:

The Chesapeake and southern Atlantic coast

The cultural mosaic in the American colonies was influenced by:

Major transatlantic movements like the Great Awakening and the Enlightenment

The Navigation Acts were an example of:

British attempts to regulate colonial trade

The triangular trade system did NOT involve: Asian spices