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teapot dome
scandal tarnishing Harding’s reputation, in which Secretary of the Interior Albert Fall leased oil fields to businesses in exchange for bribes
Prohibition
one of the final pushed of the progressive movement, pushed heavily by women and Protestant Churches
18th Amendment
authorized prohibition
“Scarface” Al Capone
Gang leader, aimed at making profits during prohibition and the start of a large illegal alcohol market
flapper
the modern liberated women of the 1920s
Scopes Monkey Trial
this trial (based on the charge of a biology teacher teaching evolution) proved to be a reflection of the battle between science and religion rather than a defining point
conspicuous consumption
spending on luxuries
Langston Hughes
influential writer or the Harlem renaissance
Harlem Renaissance
movement that would have a lasting effect as an important cultural artistic movement and was shaped by many factors like the rise of the NAACP and the Great Migration of workers fleeing the Jim Crow south
Wilmington Insurrection of 1898 & 1921 Tulsa Race Massacre
2 events that occurred because in the face of perceived gains by African Americans, some whites responded with intimidation and violence
stock market crash
one of the first visible signs of the Great Depression, a decline that would continue from 1929-32 where the stock market lost almost 90% of its value
Great Depression
period caused by lack of diversification in the economy, maldistribution of wealth, credit structure of the economy and European economic troubles
dust bowl
many areas of the great plains were experiencing one of the worst droughts in US history, turning farmland into desert-like landscape
public works program
area of government that Hoover increased federal spending on to fight the depression
bonus army
group of WWI veterans that converged to the capital to demand immediate compensation for the bonuses that they were promised (form the war) in order to deal with the economic hardship of the Great Depression
Franklin D Roosevelt
President who won easily in the election of 1932 and promised a “new deal for the American people”
Fireside chats
Recurring addresses to American people- didn’t fix the GD, but help comfort and inform the people
Bank Holiday
Created relief to the banking crisis - Every bank was closed on this day (so money could not be taken out, creating rushes)
Emergency Banking Act
Act that was passed which immediately helped stabilized the banking system
New Deal
the Roosevelt programs designed to address the problems of the great Depression, expands the role of the federal government
Social Security
old-age pension program
Court Packing Scheme
FDR proposed and overhaul to the system b/c he felt it was too conservative, he wanted to add 6 new (liberal) judges to the SC
Adolf Hitler
served in the Germany army during WWI, later joined a small extremist group and eventually became the leader of the Nazi party. Believed in anti-communism, antisemitism, and that Germany was a superior nation.
nazi
national socialist German workers party
Mein Kampf
account written by Hitler while in prison of his ideas and struggles. Had an anti-communism, antisemitism, German nationalistic view.
Reichstag
German Parliament
Benito Mussolini
dictator of Italy, member of Fascist party, Attempted to transform the country into a totalitarian state.
Nuremberg Laws
Nazis established new racial laws, mainly aimed at Jews
Kristallnacht
Nov 9 1938, Nazi's burned synagogues, destroyed Jewish homes and businesses. Over 7,00 Jewish males were sent to Concentration camps.
Rhineland
a part of Germany where no troops were allowed (demilitarization area), but Hitler sent troops there anyways
Rome-Berlin alliance
alliance between Nazi Germany and Fascist Ger
Anschluss
Annexation of Austria into Nazi Germany through the Nazi party’s influence
Sudetenland
the part of Czechoslovakia that Hitler/the Nazis took over
blitzkrieg
lightning war, the German attack on Poland
Neutrality Acts
designed to keep America isolated, enacted an embargo of any military type goods and financial support against warring nations
Cash and Carry
allowed the sale of materials (not weapons) to warring nations as long as they paid in cash and assumed all risk of transportation
Destroyers for Bases
transferred 50 old US destroyers for GB in exchange for air/sea bases
Lend/Lease
the US would essentially give miltary aid to the allies by March 1942
Pearl Harbor
Japan launched a surprise attack against the US’ pacific fleet here in Hawaii on December 7th 1941. The following day, Congress approved a declaration of war against Japan
luftwaffe
German Air Force
RAF (Royal Air Force)
British Air Force
Stalingrad
critical turning point in eastern front of war
Operation Overlord
allied invasion to liberate France
Battle of Midway
turning point battle in pacific, destroyed 4 Japanese carriers, allowing the US to reclaim naval superiority in the Pacific
the Manhattan project
secret name for US attempt to create a superweapon- the atomic bomb
VE Day
victory in Europe
VJ Day
Victory over Japan
Holocaust
genocide of Jews and other “inferior” groups
final solution
hitlers plan to emilnate Jews and other “inferior groups”. by 1945, Nazi’s had killed almost 12 million civilians, about 6 million Jews
Legacy of War ??
estimated 65 million people died during WWII
War Bonds
loans from the American public to finance WWII
Executive Order No. 9066
order which sent Japanese-Americans to internment camps for the remainder of WWII following Pearl Harbor
interment camps
where Japanese-Americans were sent following FDR’s Executive order # 9066 and the bombing of Pearl Harbor
Korematsu vs the U.S.
this Supreme Court Case upheld the constitutionality of the relocation order of Japanese-Americans to internment camps
War Production Board
helped organize and orchestrate the production of materials for the war effort
the production miracle
the staggering amount of war production by the American economy during WWII
