APUSH Unit 7B

teapot dome

scandal tarnishing Harding’s reputation, in which Secretary of the Interior Albert Fall leased oil fields to businesses in exchange for bribes

Prohibition

one of the final pushed of the progressive movement, pushed heavily by women and Protestant Churches

18th Amendment

authorized prohibition

“Scarface” Al Capone

Gang leader, aimed at making profits during prohibition and the start of a large illegal alcohol market

flapper

the modern liberated women of the 1920s

Scopes Monkey Trial

this trial (based on the charge of a biology teacher teaching evolution) proved to be a reflection of the battle between science and religion rather than a defining point

conspicuous consumption

spending on luxuries

Langston Hughes

influential writer or the Harlem renaissance

Harlem Renaissance

movement that would have a lasting effect as an important cultural artistic movement and was shaped by many factors like the rise of the NAACP and the Great Migration of workers fleeing the Jim Crow south

Wilmington Insurrection of 1898 & 1921 Tulsa Race Massacre

2 events that occurred because in the face of perceived gains by African Americans, some whites responded with intimidation and violence

stock market crash

one of the first visible signs of the Great Depression, a decline that would continue from 1929-32 where the stock market lost almost 90% of its value

Great Depression

period caused by lack of diversification in the economy, maldistribution of wealth, credit structure of the economy and European economic troubles

dust bowl

many areas of the great plains were experiencing one of the worst droughts in US history, turning farmland into desert-like landscape

public works program

area of government that Hoover increased federal spending on to fight the depression

bonus army

group of WWI veterans that converged to the capital to demand immediate compensation for the bonuses that they were promised (form the war) in order to deal with the economic hardship of the Great Depression

Franklin D Roosevelt

President who won easily in the election of 1932 and promised a “new deal for the American people”

Fireside chats

Recurring addresses to American people- didn’t fix the GD, but help comfort and inform the people

Bank Holiday

Created relief to the banking crisis - Every bank was closed on this day (so money could not be taken out, creating rushes)

Emergency Banking Act

Act that was passed which immediately helped stabilized the banking system

New Deal

the Roosevelt programs designed to address the problems of the great Depression, expands the role of the federal government

Social Security

old-age pension program

Court Packing Scheme

FDR proposed and overhaul to the system b/c he felt it was too conservative, he wanted to add 6 new (liberal) judges to the SC

Adolf Hitler

served in the Germany army during WWI, later joined a small extremist group and eventually became the leader of the Nazi party. Believed in anti-communism, antisemitism, and that Germany was a superior nation.

nazi

national socialist German workers party

Mein Kampf

account written by Hitler while in prison of his ideas and struggles. Had an anti-communism, antisemitism, German nationalistic view.

Reichstag

German Parliament

Benito Mussolini

dictator of Italy, member of Fascist party, Attempted to transform the country into a totalitarian state.

Nuremberg Laws

Nazis established new racial laws, mainly aimed at Jews

Kristallnacht

Nov 9 1938, Nazi's burned synagogues, destroyed Jewish homes and businesses. Over 7,00 Jewish males were sent to Concentration camps.

Rhineland

a part of Germany where no troops were allowed (demilitarization area), but Hitler sent troops there anyways

Rome-Berlin alliance

alliance between Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy

Anschluss

Annexation of Austria into Nazi Germany through the Nazi party’s influence

Sudetenland

the part of Czechoslovakia that Hitler/the Nazis took over

blitzkrieg

lightning war, the German attack on Poland

Neutrality Acts

designed to keep America isolated, enacted an embargo of any military type goods and financial support against warring nations

Cash and Carry

allowed the sale of materials (not weapons) to warring nations as long as they paid in cash and assumed all risk of transportation

Destroyers for Bases

transferred 50 old US destroyers for GB in exchange for air/sea bases

Lend/Lease

the US would essentially give miltary aid to the allies by March 1942

Pearl Harbor

Japan launched a surprise attack against the US’ pacific fleet here in Hawaii on December 7th 1941. The following day, Congress approved a declaration of war against Japan

luftwaffe

German Air Force

RAF (Royal Air Force)

British Air Force

Stalingrad

critical turning point in eastern front of war

Operation Overlord

allied invasion to liberate France

Battle of Midway

turning point battle in pacific, destroyed 4 Japanese carriers, allowing the US to reclaim naval superiority in the Pacific

the Manhattan project

secret name for US attempt to create a superweapon- the atomic bomb

VE Day

victory in Europe

VJ Day

Victory over Japan

Holocaust

genocide of Jews and other “inferior” groups

final solution

hitlers plan to emilnate Jews and other “inferior groups”. by 1945, Nazi’s had killed almost 12 million civilians, about 6 million Jews

Legacy of War ??

estimated 65 million people died during WWII

War Bonds

loans from the American public to finance WWII

Executive Order No. 9066

order which sent Japanese-Americans to internment camps for the remainder of WWII following Pearl Harbor

interment camps

where Japanese-Americans were sent following FDR’s Executive order # 9066 and the bombing of Pearl Harbor

Korematsu vs the U.S.

this Supreme Court Case upheld the constitutionality of the relocation order of Japanese-Americans to internment camps

War Production Board

helped organize and orchestrate the production of materials for the war effort

the production miracle

the staggering amount of war production by the American economy during WWII