types of movement

flexion

changing the position of a part by bending it - decreasing the angle of the joint

extension

changing the position of part by straightening it

*hyperextension - extending past “neutral” (anatomical position)

dorsiflexion

ankle ONLY movement thats flexing the foot upward

plantar flexion

ankle ONLY movement thats pointing the toes downward

abduction

movement of a body part AWAY from the midline

“abducting” from the midline

adduction

movement of a body part TOWARD the midline

“adding” to the midline

external rotation

turning of a structure on its axis AWAY from the midline

internal rotation

turning of a structure on its axis TOWARDS the midline

pronation

rotation of the forearm so it faces posteriorly or down

*”pro” (throw) it out

*forearm only

supination

rotation of the forearm so that it faces anteriorly or “up”

(hold the “sup” (soup)

eversion

turning the ankle so that the bottom of the foot faces laterally

inversion

turning the bottom of the foot so that it faces more medially

retraction

movement of the scapula towards the midline (backward)

protraction

anterior movement of the scapula (forward)

elevation

superior movement of scapula (up)

depression

inferior movement of scapula (down)