Acids, Bases, and Salts - Vocabulary

Flashcards on Acids, Bases, and Salts

Acid

A substance that tastes sour and turns blue litmus paper red.

Base

A substance that tastes bitter and turns red litmus paper blue.

Litmus

A natural indicator extracted from lichen, used to test for acids and bases.

Olfactory indicators

Substances whose odor changes in acidic or basic media.

Salt

A compound formed when the hydrogen atoms from acids are displaced by a metal.

Neutralization Reaction

A reaction where an acid and a base react to form a salt and water.

Basic Oxides

Metallic oxides that react with acids to give salts and water.

Acidic Oxides

Non-metallic oxides that are acidic in nature.

H+ Ion

The positive ion (cation) present in acids.

Hydrogen Ions (H+)

Ions present in acids that are responsible for their acidic properties.

Hydroxide Ions (OH-)

Ions that bases generate in water.

Alkalis

Bases that are soluble in water.

Dilution

The decrease in concentration of ions (H3O+/OH-) per unit volume when an acid or base is mixed with water.

Universal Indicator

A mixture of several indicators that shows different colors at different concentrations of hydrogen ions.

pH Scale

A scale for measuring hydrogen ion concentration in a solution.

Strong Acids

Acids that give rise to more H+ ions.

Weak Acids

Acids that give rise to fewer H+ ions.

Acid Rain

Rainwater with a pH less than 5.6

Antacids

Substances used to neutralize excess acid in the stomach.

Calcium Hydroxyapatite

A crystalline form of calcium phosphate that makes up tooth enamel.

Family of Salts

Salts having the same positive or negative radicals

Rock Salt

Solid salt deposits found in several parts of the world, often brown due to impurities

Chlor-alkali Process

The process where electricity is passed through an aqueous solution of sodium chloride (brine) to form sodium hydroxide.

Bleaching Powder

A product produced by the action of chlorine on dry slaked lime.

Baking Soda (Sodium Hydrogencarbonate)

A chemical compound with the formula NaHCO3, commonly used in cooking and as an antacid.

Tartaric Acid

A mild edible acid used in baking powder.

Washing Soda (Sodium Carbonate)

A chemical compound with the formula Na2CO3.10H2O, used as a cleaning agent and in various industries.

Water of Crystallization

The fixed number of water molecules present in one formula unit of a salt.

Plaster of Paris

Calcium sulphate hemihydrate (CaSO4.1/2H2O), used as plaster for supporting fractured bones and in making toys and decorations.

Gypsum

Calcium sulphate with two water molecules as water of crystallization (CaSO4.2H2O).