Studied by 9 people
be familiar with the principal structures of the ventilatory system
nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli
functions of conducting airways
low resistance pathway for airflow, defense against chemicals and other harmful substances that are inhaled, warming and moistening the air
pulmonary ventilation (PV)
inflow and outflow of air between the atmosphere and the lungs (breathing)
total lung capacity (TLC)
the volume of air in the lungs after a maximal inhalation
vital capacity (VC)
the maximum amount of air that can be exhaled after a maximum inhalation
tidal volume (TV)
amount of air inhaled or exhaled with each breath under normal breathing conditions
expiratory reserve volume (ERV)
the volume of additional air that can be forcibly exhaled after a normal exhalation
inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)
additional inspired air over and above tidal volume
residual volume (RV)
volume of air contained in the lungs after maximal exhalation
inspiratory capacity
TV + IRV
expiratory capacity
TV + ERV
explain the nervous and chemical control of ventilation during exercise
increase in carbon dioxide increases the blood acidity levels
be familiar with the role of hemoglobin in oxygen transportation
hemoglobin carries oxygen around the body as oxyhemoglobin in red blood cells
diffusion
gas will move from an area of higher pressure to lower pressure
ventricles
lower chambers of the heart
left ventricle
pumps oxygenated blood to the aorta
right ventricle
pumps deoxygenated blood to the pulmonary artery
atrium
upper chambers of the heart
right atrium
receives blood from the body via the superior/inferior vena cava
left atrium
receives oxygenated blood from the lungs via the pulmonary veins
bicuspid valve
between left atrium and left ventricle
tricuspid valve
valve between the right atrium and the right ventricle
aortic valve
between left ventricle and aorta
pulmonary valve
between right ventricle and pulmonary artery
superior/inferior vena cava
carries deoxygenated blood from the body to the right atrium
pulmonary vein
carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart
pulmonary artery
carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs
erythrocytes
red blood cells
leukocytes
white blood cells
thrombocytes
platelets
plasma
liquid portion of blood
red blood cell function
carries oxygen and iron throughout the body
white blood cells function
fight infection
platelets
blood clotting
aorta
large artery that takes blood from heart to the body
arteries
blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart
veins
blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart
pulmonary circuit
heart to lungs to heart
systemic circuit
heart to body to heart
sinoatrial node (SA node)
pacemaker of the heart
extrinsic regulation of the heart
autonomic nervous system- sympathetic and parasympathetic
sympathetic
fight or flight
parasympathetic
rest and digest
heart rate
number of beats per minute
cardiac output
the amount of blood pumped from the heart in one minute
stroke volume
the amount of blood pumped by each ventricle in each contraction
cardiovascular drift
slow but constant increase in heart rate during prolonged activity (ex: increase of body temperature)
blood pressure
the pressure that is exerted by the blood against the walls of blood vessels
systolic
blood pressure in the arteries during contraction of the ventricles
diastolic
blood pressure in the arteries during relaxion of the ventricles
VO2 max
the maximum amount of oxygen the body can take in and use during exercise
VO2 max equation
Q(CaO2 - CvO2)
skill
learned ability
motor skills
more movement than thinking (running)
cognitive skill
a skill that requires problem solving or the application of strategies (chess)
perceptual skill
reading the environment (putt in golf)
perceptual-motor skill
adapting to environment and interpret it (football)
continuum
a line where skills can be placed and classified
discrete skills
skills that have a distinctive beginning and end that can be identified (golf swing)
serial skills
collective sequences of multiple discrete skills (triple jump)
continuous skills
movement skills that appear to have no recognizable beginning or inherent beginning and end (cycling)
open skills
environment is variable and unpredictable (jumping for a rebound in basketball)
closed skill
environment is stable and predictable (archery)
gross motor skills
large body movements (running)
fine motor skills
physical skills that involve the small muscles and eye-hand coordination (playing piano)
interactive continuum
relating to other people
individual skills
performed in isolation (archery)
coactive skills
skills that are performed with someone else but with no direct confrontation (swimming)
interactive skills
performers directly involved, can involve confrontation (basketball)
ability
traits we are born with
perceptual motor abilities
process information about how and when to move (forehand groundstroke in tennis)
motor abilities
relating to the actual movement (explosive)
physical proficiency abilities
consist of gross movements
technique
the way an action is performed
skilled performer
effortless, fluent, and efficient
novice performer
lack coordination, inconsistent, waste energy
efferent organization
organizing a reaction starting from the brain and extends outward
exteroceptors
provide information about the external environment
interoceptors
provide information about internal environment
signal detection theory
the probability of detecting any given signal depends on the intensity of the signal compared to the intensity of the background noise
perception
the process by which the brain makes sense of the stimuli received
selective attention
the individual focusing on relevant information while ignoring the irrelevant information
action words
describe doing something
brevity
shortness
clarity
clearness
organization
arranged in an orderly way
association
a group of people who have gathered based on similar goals or beliefs
practice
process of going or improving proficiency
response time
reaction time + movement time
reaction time
the amount of time taken to respond to a specific stimulus
movement time
the time it takes to carry out the motor aspects of the performance.
response time factors
age, fitness, training, number of decisions
motor program
a set of muscle commands that allow movements to be performed without any peripheral feedback
open loop
fast movements, cannot alter movement, and doesn't take feedback into account (fast baseball swing)
closed loop
slower movements, does take feedback into account, and can be altered (slow baseball pitch)
perceptual trace
memory for the feel of successful past movements
schema theory
theory stating that people mold memories to fit information that already exists in their minds
recall schema
memory with regard to the choice and initiation of action
recognition schema
memory for the feel of a movement
feedback
information resulting from an action or response
Note
Flashcard