AP Euro Unit 3 MCQ's

What was the primary belief behind the doctrine of the divine right of kings?

Kings derived their authority directly from God.

Which monarch's actions directly contributed to the tensions leading to the English Civil War by dismissing Parliament and ruling alone?

Charles I

The economic cause of the English Civil War was primarily due to:

The debt from the Thirty Years’ War

What was the New Model Army?

An army created by Parliament.

Who led the New Model Army to victory and later became the Lord Protector of England?

Oliver Cromwell

What significant event marked the end of Charles I's rule?

His execution

What was the Rump Parliament?

Parliament after the removal of anti-Cromwell members

What was the Protectorate?

The government established by Oliver Cromwell after the English Civil Wa

The Restoration Period refers to:

The restoration of the monarchy with Charles II

The Glorious Revolution resulted in:

The peaceful transfer of power to William and Mary

What document limited the power of the monarchy and protected the power of Parliament after the Glorious Revolution?

The English Bill of Rights

Which religious group sought to remove all Catholic elements from the Anglican Church?

Puritans

Who did Parliament invite to take the throne during the Glorious Revolution

William of Orange and Mary

What did the outcome of the English Civil War and the Glorious Revolution protect?

The rights of gentry and aristocracy from absolutism

Why did Charles I marry a Catholic, which caused religious tension?

Because of personal and religious beliefs

What was the primary reason for the Dutch revolt against the Spanish Habsburgs?

Desire for independeance

What treaty marked the end of the Eighty Years' War and recognized Dutch independence?

Peace of Westaphillia

How did the Dutch Republic differ from England in terms of government structure?

The Dutch had no provision for a monarch, while England had a constitutional monarchy.

Who held most of the power within the Dutch provincial governments?

The oligarchies 

What role did the stadholder play in the Dutch Republic?

Ceremonial duties and military defense

Where did the power to handle foreign policy and war in the Dutch Republic lie?

The States General 

What was a significant factor in the Dutch Republic's economic success during the Golden Age?

Investment in shipbuilding and trade

Which statement best describes the living standards in the Dutch Republic during its Golden Age?

They were the highest in Europe

How was the Dutch federal government compared to the provincial governments in terms of power?

It had less power than the provincial governments.

What did the term oligarchies mean in the Dutch Republic?

Ruled by a few wealthy individuals 

What was the primary economic activity that contributed to Dutch wealth during the Golden Age?

Trade

What was the main reason for the high standard of living in the Dutch Republic during the Golden Age?

Profitable trade and commerce

What type of government did the Dutch Republic establish after gaining independence from Spain?

Republic 

Prior to 1648 who controlled the Dutch lands?

The Hapsburgs

What was a major advantage for the Dutch in terms of their geographical position?

Access to the Atlantic ocean for trade 

What was the primary motivation for European states to maintain the balance of power after the Peace of Westphalia?

To prevent any other single state from dominating others 

Which of the following was NOT a reason for the decline in the importance of religion as a cause for warfare in Europe after 1648?

The decline of the Catholic Church’s influence

What event marked the end of the Ottoman Empire's westward expansion in Europe?

Battle of Vienna

What was the outcome of the Partition of Poland in terms of European balance of power?

Maintained balance among Russia, Prussia, and Austria

Which European monarch is most associated with nearly continuous wars aimed at pursuing both dynastic and state interests?

Louis XIV of France

What was the primary focus of diplomacy during the period of maintaining the balance of power?

Dynastic interests and territorial expansion

The War of Spanish Succession was primarily concerned which of the following

Dynastic interests of Louis XIV of France

Which technological advancement was NOT a part of the military revolution that affected the balance of power in Europe?

Cavalry charges

Why did Louis XIV’s wars provoke a coalition of European powers against him?

To maintain the balance of power

What was a significant outcome of the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713?

Continued separation of the French and Spanish thrones

Which state was particularly noted for having a massive professional standing army during this period?

France

What led to the inability of the Polish monarchy to consolidate authority over the nobility?

Weakness of the monarch and defiance of the nobles

Which ruler’s proposal led to the partition of Poland by Prussia, Russia, and Austria?

Frederick II of Prussia

How did most of the states primarily pay for the professional standing armies they developed at this time?

Increase in taxes

How did the competitive state system in Europe lead to new forms of warfare?

Advances in military technology and professional armies

What was a significant result of the weakened influence of the Catholic Church in the development of absolutism?

Increased religious tolerance of Protestantism led to political power shifting to monarchs.

How did absolute monarchs consolidate power by weakening the nobility?

By creating bureaucracies answerable to the king

What was a significant challenge to James I’s attempt at establishing absolutism in England

The Magna Carta and Parliamentary pushback

What was one of the achievements of Philip II of Spain in consolidating his power?

Repulsing the Ottomans in the Mediterranean.

How did Louis XIV use the Palace of Versailles to strengthen his absolute rule?

By mandating that nobles spend part of the year there.

What system did Louis XIV implement to undermine the authority of local governors?

The intendant system.

Why did Louis XIV revoke the Edict of Nantes in 1685?

To enforce religious uniformity under Catholicism.

What impact did Louis XIV's endless wars of expansion have on France's economy?

They undid much of Colbert’s economic reforms.

What was one of Peter the Great’s methods to westernize Russia’s political institutions?

Requiring nobles to serve in the army or civil administration

How did Peter the Great challenge the authority of the Russian Orthodox Church?

By replacing the Patriarch with the Holy Synod.

What was one cultural change Peter the Great implemented to westernize Russian society?

Requiring nobles to shave their beards.

How did the Fronde rebellion influence Louis XIV’s approach to governance?

It reinforced his belief in strong centralized control

What was the economic policy of Jean Baptiste Colbert during Louis XIV's reign?

Mercantilism

How did the Peace of Westphalia influence the rise of absolutism in Europe?

By decreasing the church's political influence

What was one result of Catherine the Great continuing Peter the Great's policies?

Russia continued to westernize and modernize.

Which of the following best describes mercantilism?

A state-driven economic system that emphasizes mineral wealth and a favorable balance of trade

What was the main goal of establishing colonies under mercantilist policies?

To provide raw materials and new markets for manufactured goods

How did mercantilist policies affect European rivalries?

They intensified rivalries as states competed for limited wealth.

What was a significant effect of mercantilist policies on the New World?

Increase in demand for New World products like sugar and cotton

What role did the Navigation Acts play in British mercantilism?

They required goods shipped to Britain to be transported on British ships.

How did the transatlantic slave trade fit into the mercantilist system?

It supplied labor for New World plantations, supporting the production of raw materials.

What was one effect of importing agricultural products from the Americas to Europe?

Increase in the food supply in Europe

Why was a favorable balance of trade important in mercantilism?

It helped accumulate gold and silver within the state.

Which of the following describes the relationship between mercantilism and consumer culture in Europe?

Mercantilism contributed to the rise of consumer culture by introducing new products.

What economic role did colonies play under mercantilist policies?

They provided raw materials and were markets for manufactured goods.

How did mercantilism affect the transatlantic slave trade

It increased the demand for enslaved labor due to the need for labor on New World plantations.

What was one consequence of European states drawing resources from colonies?

Increased industrial and consumer revolutions in Europe

Which of the following best illustrates a command economy similar to mercantilism?

Economy where the state sets prices and production quotas

The implementation of Cromwell’s Navigations Acts contributed to which of the following?

The American Revolution

What was a key driver behind the rise of consumer culture in Europe during the mercantilist period?

Introduction of new products from the Americas and the rise of the middle class