CT exam 2

communication barriers seen in a healthcare setting

misreading body language, language, preconceptions, cultural differences, receiver distortion

What type of info does BUN lab test provide before a CT exam?

Provides info about kidney function (important for patients receiving IV contrast)

What type of info does PT, PTT, and platelet count lab tests provide before a CT exam?

Provides info about blood's coagulation ability (important in exams that carry risk for excessive bleeding)

True or False: Consent is always needed prior to a CT exam.

True

When do technologists start monitoring vital signs of patients scheduled for CT exams?

upon initial contact

What vital signs do we look at when assessing patients schedule for CT exam?

pulse, BP, body temp, respiration, pain, pupil size, O2

True or False: Contrast media is metabolized by the human body.

False

True or False: It is possible to overdose with contrast media.

True

True or False: Contrast media can NOT be administered to pregnant or breast feeding patients.

False

True or False: Acute reactions to contrast media can be mild, moderate, or severe.

True

What is the best way we estimate renal function?

Glomerular filtration rate

Effective renal plasma flow

What volume of urine is produced when a patient is said to be "nonoliguric"?

 500-6,000mL in 24hrs

True or False: It is acceptable to give patients on temporary dialysis contrast media.

false

True or False: It is acceptable to give patients on permanent dialysis contrast media.

true

What should you do if you suspect a perforation of the GI tract for a patient who is supposed to receive barium sulfate contrast?

Do not administer the contrast

Substitute barium sulfate with water-soluble iodinated contrast

Which of the following are types of contrast administration methods?

intraarticular injection

Ingestion

Intrathecal injection 

IV injection

True or False: The use of metal needles should be avoided in conjunction with a mechanical "power" injection.

True

Which of the following are needed when documenting IV contrast administration?

Adverse reactions

Name of contrast agent

Contrast volume and concentration

Injection site

Flow rate(s)

Which factors affect contrast enhancement?

patient factors, equipment factors, and pharmokinetic factors

True or False: PICC lines must be flushed with heparinized saline to maintain patency.

true

True or False: Closed-end catheters lines must be flushed with heparinized saline to maintain patency.

false

all of the supplies needed for starting a peripheral IV line.

Tape

Plastic cath & hub w/ beveled needle

Sterile gauze

Disposable gloves

Antiseptic swab or applicator

Saline flush

tourniquet

Bolus phase

immediately following IV bolus injection

non-equilibrium phase

1 min after starting bolus injection and lasting a short time

equilibrium phase

as early as 2 min after bolus injection

Which of the following are exceptions to having peak organ enhancement occurring 5-15 seconds after peak aortic enhancement?

brain, kidneys, liver

True or False: It is important to ensure the injection lines are primed after hooking up the power injection system to the patient.

false

Arrival time of contrast media can be described as which of the following?

When contrast is likely to first be present in an organ or vessel

Advantage of drip infusion

inexpensive

advantage of hand bolus

increased flow rate and can be used with all PICCs and CVADs

advantage of the machine injection system

consistent images/reproducible, precise flow rates and volumes, and programmable for uniphasic, biphasic or multiphasic injection protocols.

Is the dose more uniform in general radiography or CT?

CT

True or False: Total dose is impacted by the amount of scatter.

True

This is a CT QC phantom that helps to quantify MSAD. What is it made out of?

Plastic

Select the factors that affect radiation dose from CT.

Radiographic technique

Localization scans

Pitch

Slice width and spacing

Scan field diameter

Patient size and body part thickness

Radiation beam geometry

Collimation

Repeat Scans

Filtration

Detector efficiency

_________ can occur due to radiation exposure.

cancer, detrimental short-term effects, and detrimental long-term effects

On a single-row detector scanner, if CT slices overlap:

MSAD > CTDI

If we increase _______, we would reduce the dose to the patient, assuming all other parameters and variables are held constant.

Pitch

True or False: Pediatric patients have lower effective dose than adult patients due to their smaller size.

False