IMMANUEL KANT AND SCIENCE

Transcendental idealism, Inductive Reasoning, Hypothetical Method,

 Transcendental Idealism

a philosophical system by Immanuel Kant that argues the human mind structures our experience of reality through innate categories like space and time

Noumena

we never experience things as they are in themselves

Phenomena          

we just experience them as they appear to us in our minds

Kant

was skeptical of the rationalist claim to knowledge that is completely independent of experience, but at the same time he didn’t agree with raducal empiricist claim that knowledge is only a from experience

Inductive reasoning

a process of gathering data from many particular examples until a pattern emerges which suggests a probable conclusion

Ockham's razor

a problem-solving principle that states the simplest explanation for a phenomenon is usually the best one

The hypothetical method

a process of scientific reasoning where a hypothesis is proposed and then tested by deducing and checking its logical consequences

Paradigms           

a framework of beliefs, theories, and assumptions that shapes how people understand and approach a field of study (a model)

Thomas Kuhn

viewed Newtonian physics as a dominant paradigm that, for a time, represented "normal science," providing a framework of puzzles and tools for physicists to work with