APAH periods quiz answers

Archaic Greek

Perfected anatomy but awkward smile, braided hair, one foot forward like Egyptians, kouros and kore as grave markers

Classical Greece

emphasized idealism and movement through contropposto. Beauty can be achieved mathematically, 2x+1, pediments, doric, ionic, corinthian,

Hellenistic

dramatic, theatrical, violent, meant to be seen from all sides, idealized images give way to people past their prime, very high relief, Pergamon and Alexandria are the largest cities.

Roman Republic

rule by the Senate, old wise men, veristic, villas with courtyard gardens, wall paintings, they loved Greek sculptures and copied them

Imperial Rome

famous for city infrastructure, concrete, arches, domes, amphitheaters, roads connecting the empire, marketplaces, bathhouses, basilicas, aqueducts. Sculptures influenced by Greeks

Early Christian

catacombs before the Edict of Milan, basilican churches with flat wooden roofs after. 

Byzantine

central-plan churches covered in gold mosaics.

Migratory

after fall of Rome in the west, many cultures move through western Europe mixing styles like Celtic and Classical, Christian and pagan. Monasteries like Lindisfrane are important.

Romanesque

Age of pilgrimages, round arches, relics and reliquaries, tympanum, churches with thick heavy walls, small windows, dark. 

Gothic

pointed arches, rib vaults, flying buttresses lead to thinner walls, bigger windows, stained glass. Taller churches filled with light. Marian theology. 

Proto Renaissance

Giotto experiments with old stories but new compositions

Northern Renaissance

First use of oil paints, marriage portraits, triptychs, unflattering honesty, printing presses, empiricism, holy scenes shown in contemporary houses with donors.

Early Renaissance

A rebirth of classical ideals, humanism, linear perspective, David images popular as fear of bigger city-states very real, Medici family commissions works, tempera, first free standing nude sculptures since classical world. Savonarola crashes the party. 

High Renaissance

Pope Julius II is the prime patron of the arts, calls all the greats to rebuild and paint new projects at the Vatican. Sfumato, atmospheric perspective, mixing classical and Christian, most of the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles. 

Italian Baroque

Counter Reformation led to dramatic, theatrical church decoration, curvilineal, gilded, elaborate, use of everyday people as holy figures, tenebrism, low ground line

Dutch Baroque

Now a republic and Protestant so wealthy merchants are the prime patrons. Portraits, landscapes, still-lifes, and interior scenes are popular. 

French Baroque

art used to express the divine right of monarchs. Sun king creates a world radiating from him. Marie d’Medici creates a series of works to redeem her reputation.

Spanish Baroque

empire in New World mixes European, African, and Native American imagery in a very catholic, Imperial context. (even some Asian influences)

English Baroque

satirizing the lives of the aristocrats through popular prints, paintings. 

Roccoco

fete galante of the Parisian aristocrats before the revolution. 

Neoclassical

looks back to Greece and Rome to make a statement during the age of the American and French revolutions

Romanticism

hot-button political images, never too soon to show raw issues, piles of dead bodies, pyramid formations, dark, dirty colors

Realism

“if you want me to paint angels, show me angels” or “making the mundane, heroic” painting the realities of everyday life and everyday people. 

Impressionism

experimenting with light and color, quick glimpses, painting the same scene over and over in different weather conditions, Parisian cafe life, trains out to the countryside

Post-Impressionism

taking the experiments with light and color of the previous period but applying them to more traditional, more “serious” subjects like landscapes, still-lifes, portraits, and religious scenes.