MEDRADSC 3LA3 - Nutrition, Fatigue, N/V (readings)

What is the primary nutritional goal for a patient undergoing cancer treatment?

To eat as well as possible to maintain body strength throughout treatment.

How does the consumption of processed foods compare to fresh foods regarding the immune system?

Fresh foods should be prioritized over processed foods as part of a healthy lifestyle to support the immune system.

Why is it recommended to drink fluids primarily between meals if a cancer patient is losing weight?

Drinking during meals can cause premature fullness, leading to decreased solid food intake.

According to the guidelines, what is the maximum recommended daily alcohol intake for women during cancer treatment?

Less than 1 drink per day.

According to the guidelines, what is the maximum recommended daily alcohol intake for men during cancer treatment?

Less than 2 drinks per day.

Which physical sign involving tear production may indicate dehydration in a patient?

An inability to produce tears when crying.

What characteristic of urine is a clinical indicator of dehydration?

Small amounts of dark-coloured urine.

What budget-friendly alternative to fresh seafood is suggested for cancer patients?

Frozen fish, shrimp, or canned tuna and salmon.

How should raw nuts be stored to maintain freshness when bought in bulk for a budget?

In the freezer or a well-sealed container in the fridge.

When buying canned vegetables on a budget, what specific nutritional label detail should be prioritized?

Lower-sodium content.

What is a cost-effective strategy for purchasing chicken while ensuring it remains versatile for home preparation?

Buying chicken with the skin on and bone in to remove at home.

How does the consumption of salt affect weight management during cancer treatment?

Salt causes the body to retain water, which can contribute to weight gain.

What milk fat ($MF$) percentage is recommended for dairy products when a patient is trying to manage weight gain?

Skim milk or no more than $2\%$ $MF$.

What is the maximum $MF$ percentage recommended for hard cheeses when managing weight gain?

$20\%$ $MF$.

Why is skipping meals discouraged for patients experiencing weight gain during treatment?

It may lead to overeating later in the day.

Which three types of fruit are identified as natural laxatives to help with constipation?

Prunes, rhubarb, and papaya.

How many grams of fibre per serving should a patient look for on cereal labels to combat constipation?

More than 4 grams.

Term: Anemia

Definition: A reduction in the number of healthy red blood cells, resulting in decreased oxygen delivery to tissues.

Which three specific nutrients might a healthcare team prescribe to treat treatment-induced anemia?

Iron, folic acid, and vitamin $B_{12}$.

What ingredients are suggested for a homemade mouth rinse to clear taste buds before eating?

A mixture of salt and water or club soda.

Why is it recommended to serve foods cold or at room temperature to patients with taste changes?

Cold temperatures help reduce the intensity of strong tastes and smells.

What type of cutlery is recommended to mitigate a persistent metallic taste in the mouth?

Plastic cutlery.

What specific cooking technique using a spritzer bottle helps reduce overall oil consumption for budget-conscious healthy eating?

Filling a bottle with oil to lightly mist pans rather than pouring.

Which sweetener is suggested as an alternative to mitigate metallic tastes if citrus is not tolerated?

Maple syrup or agave nectar.

How can herbal tea be used to manage taste buds that have become overly sensitive to sweet foods?

Sip and hold the tea in the mouth for a moment before eating.

What beverage is recommended to help loosen thick saliva caused by radiation or chemotherapy?

Club soda.

Why should patients with dry mouth limit the intake of caffeinated beverages like coffee or black tea?

Caffeine can further dry out the oral cavity.

What is the recommended ratio of ingredients to create 'high protein milk' for calorie-deficient patients?

1 cup of skim milk powder added to 4 cups of whole milk.

Which specific sweetener is recommended to help neutralize bitter tastes in food?

Honey or sugar.

What food additive is suggested to increase the moisture of warm muffins for patients with swallowing difficulties?

Butter or margarine.

To replace sodium lost during bouts of diarrhea, which types of snacks are recommended?

Salty foods like crackers, pretzels, or sports drinks.

Which sugar substitute found in gum and candies should be avoided if a patient has diarrhea due to its laxative effect?

Sorbitol.

Which mineral-rich foods, such as bananas and orange juice, are recommended to replace losses from diarrhea?

High-potassium foods.

How should flax seeds be prepared to effectively treat constipation during chemotherapy?

They must be crushed to extract the oil.

For patients with gas and bloating, what is the recommended technique for drinking liquids to minimize swallowed air?

Sip fluids slowly without using a straw.

Which dairy products are often better tolerated by patients who have developed a temporary lactose intolerance?

Buttermilk, yogurt, and aged cheese.

How does the Canadian Cancer Society advise patients to handle their favorite foods when experiencing nausea?

Avoid eating them during nausea to prevent developing a permanent food aversion.

What is the recommended daily duration of moderate exercise for managing cancer-related fatigue?

30 minutes on most days.

How can a patient determine if their exercise intensity is safe and not too vigorous?

They should be able to talk easily while exercising.

What is the maximum recommended duration for daytime naps to avoid disrupting nighttime sleep cycles?

Less than 1 hour.

How long before bedtime should a patient turn off electronic screens to improve sleep hygiene?

At least one hour.

What range on the Edmonton Symptom Assessment System ($ESAS$) scale indicates severe fatigue?

7 to 10.

What range on the Edmonton Symptom Assessment System ($ESAS$) scale indicates moderate fatigue?

4 to 6.

A patient should contact their healthcare team if they have not had a bowel movement for more than _ days.

Two.

At what point in the day should a patient with low appetite aim to eat their largest meal?

When they feel their best, often in the morning.

Why is adding gravy or sauces recommended for patients with dry mouth or thick saliva?

It provides moisture and makes food 'slippery,' aiding in swallowing.

Which type of physical activity mix is suggested to best combat cancer-related fatigue?

A combination of aerobic activities (like walking) and strength training.

How can a patient manage anxiety about eating in a bedroom according to sleep hygiene rules?

If unable to fall asleep after 20-30 minutes, get out of bed until sleepy.

What budget strategy for meatless meals is suggested to ensure adequate protein intake?

Consuming soy, beans, lentils, and other legumes twice a week.

Process: Managing Gas/Bloating

Step: Avoid chewing gum to prevent swallowing excess air.

Cloze: To manage fatigue, a patient should plan tasks so that most activities occur on _ floor(s) of their home.

One.

What is the recommended frequency for small snacks for a patient struggling to maintain weight?

Every 1 to 2 hours.

Which two legumes are specifically cited as good sources of folic acid for anemia?

Lima beans and dried beans.

To add calories to mashed potatoes, which milk-based ingredient is recommended?

Skim milk powder.

To add protein to a baked potato, which animal-based food is suggested?

Cut-up cooked meat, poultry, or fish.

What simple dietary change provides more calories when switching from a broth-based soup?

Switching to a cream soup made with milk.

For a patient with a sore mouth, what tart ingredients should be avoided despite their ability to clear taste buds?

Lemons, citrus fruits, and vinegar.

Under what condition should a patient contact their healthcare team regarding a total lack of food intake?

If they cannot eat for more than 2 days in a row.

Which specific high-fat fruit can be used as a spread on sandwiches to increase calorie density?

Avocado.

Which vitamin, essential for preventing anemia, is found in eggs and poultry but not in plant-based alternatives unless enriched?

Vitamin $B_{12}$.

What is a 'clear-your-head time' in the context of managing cancer-related stress and sleep?

A designated early evening period for planning and worrying to prevent these thoughts at bedtime.

When should a patient stop and rest during physical activity for safety?

Immediately upon feeling sore, stiff, or out of breath.

What is the recommended timing for taking a walk to help increase a patient's appetite?

Before a meal.

Which type of dairy alternative is noted for having a longer refrigerated shelf life than cow's milk?

Soy or almond beverages.

In the $ESAS$ screening, what defines 'mild' fatigue?

Fatigue that allows for regular activities like cooking and cleaning but presents some symptoms.

What is the significance of using smaller plates for patients with a loss of appetite?

It makes portions appear less overwhelming, potentially encouraging intake.

Which specific vegetable types, including cabbage and onions, are identified as gas-producing and should be limited?

Cruciferous vegetables (broccoli, cauliflower) and alliums (onions, garlic).

To add protein to French toast or pancakes, what ingredient can be substituted for whole eggs?

Egg substitute.

What is the recommended morning routine to reset the internal clock for patients with sleep disturbances?

Waking up at the same time every day and exposing oneself to bright light immediately.

Term: Fatigue Journal

Definition: A tool used to track energy levels throughout the day to identify peak times for activity and eating.