Chapter 10: The Nervous System: Sensory Systems

A set of flashcards focusing on key vocabulary terms and definitions from Chapter 10 on the nervous system and sensory systems.

Perception

The conscious interpretation of the world based on sensory systems, memory, and other neural processes.

Sensory Receptors

Neurons located throughout the body that respond to specific types of stimuli by generating action potentials.

Signal Transduction

The process by which a receptor converts a sensory stimulus into an action potential.

Chemoreceptors

Sensory receptors in blood vessels that monitor O2, CO2, and H+ levels in the blood.

Baroreceptors

Sensory receptors in certain blood vessels that monitor blood pressure.

Proprioceptors

Somatosensory receptors that monitor the body’s position.

Mechanoreceptors

Receptors that detect pressure, force, and vibration associated with the body surface.

Thermoreceptors

Receptors that detect skin temperature.

Nociceptors

Receptors that detect tissue-damaging stimuli, causing the sensation of pain.

Somatosensory System

The sensory system that allows for detection of sensations associated with receptors in the skin and muscles.

Photoreceptors

Nerve cells in the retina that detect light waves, including rods and cones.

Accommodation

The adjustment of the lens in the eye to focus light accurately on the retina.

Myopia

A refractive error of the eye, also known as near-sightedness.

Hyperopia

A refractive error of the eye, also known as far-sightedness.

Astigmatism

Irregularities on the surface of the cornea or lens that cause erratic bending of light waves.

Cochlea

A spiral-shaped organ in the inner ear containing receptor cells for hearing.

Vestibulocochlear Nerve

Cranial Nerve VIII that carries action potentials for hearing and balance to the brain.

Gustatory Sensations

Taste sensations derived from detecting chemicals in food.

Olfaction

The sense of smell, which is a chemical sense related to the detection of airborne chemicals.