1-15 Hackers Vocabulary 토픽별 빈출어휘 Book

Adaptation

The change in function or form of an organism to better suit its environment

Natural Selection

The process where organisms with traits favorable to their environment increase in number relative to those with less favorable traits

Speciation

The process by which new species arise from a single species over time, often due to factors like genetic isolation

Mutation

An alteration in the DNA sequence that changes a genetic trait

Relict

A species that has survived from an earlier geologic time and retains ancestral traits

Superorganism

A group of organisms that function as a single, cohesive entity, such as bees or ants

Colonization

The establishment of a population of organisms in a new area

Community

All the populations of different species living and interacting in a particular area

Symbiosis

The interaction between different species where both benefit from the relationship

Parasitism

A relationship in which one organism benefits at the expense of another

Parasite

An organism that lives in or on another organism and benefits by deriving nutrients at the host's expense

Commensalism

A relationship where one organism benefits and the other is neither harmed nor helped

Mutualism

A relationship where both organisms involved benefit

Epiphyte

A plant that grows on another plant but does not harm it

Niche

The role an organism plays in its environment

Flora

The plants of a particular region

Fauna

The animals of a particular region

Biomass

The total mass of organisms in a given area or volume

Food Web

A system of interlocking and interdependent food chains

Biological Clock

An internal mechanism that controls the periodicity of many life processes

Circadian

Relating to biological processes that occur or recur every 24 hours

Cell Division

The process by which a cell divides into two new cells

Reproduction

The process of producing offspring

Offspring

The descendants of an organism

Dormancy

A period of inactivity in an organism, often in response to adverse conditions

Organism

An individual living thing

Microorganism

A microscopic organism, such as bacteria or fungi

Fungus

A kingdom of eukaryotic organisms including yeasts, molds, and mushrooms

Bacteria

Single-celled microorganisms that lack a nucleus

Paleontology

The study of prehistoric life through fossils

Mammal

Warm-blooded vertebrate animals with mammary glands

Cetacean

A marine mammal of the order Cetacea; a whale, dolphin, or porpoise

Ruminant

An animal that digests plant-based food by initially softening it within the body, then regurgitating it to chew again

Tusk

A long, pointed tooth, usually an elongated incisor or canine, that protrudes from the mouth

Avian

Relating to birds

Plumage

The feathers of a bird

Reptile

A cold-blooded vertebrate with scales or plates covering their skin, such as snakes, lizards, and crocodiles

Venom

A poisonous substance secreted by animals such as snakes and spiders and typically injected into prey or aggressors by biting or stinging

Amphibian

A cold-blooded vertebrate animal that spends its early life in water and its adult life on land

Gill

The respiratory organ of aquatic animals that extracts oxygen from water

Fin

A flattened appendage on a fish or other aquatic animal used for propelling, steering, or balancing in the water

Rodent

A mammal of the order Rodentia, characterized by continuously growing incisors used for gnawing; examples include mice, rats, and squirrels

Invertebrate

An animal lacking a backbone

Arthropod

An invertebrate animal having an exoskeleton, a segmented body, and jointed appendages

Mollusk

An invertebrate of the phylum Mollusca, typically having a soft unsegmented body and often an external shell

Bivalve

An aquatic mollusk with a compressed body enclosed within a hinged shell, such as clams, oysters, and mussels

Mate

One of a pair of animals that engage in reproduction

Courtship

The behavior of animals directed toward attracting a mate

Breed

To propagate or raise animals

Fertilization

The process of combining male and female gametes to form a zygote

Hatchling

A recently hatched animal

Feeding Habit

The way an animal obtains and consumes food

Scavenger

An animal that feeds on dead or decaying organic matter

Prey

An animal that is hunted and killed by another for food

Bottom Feeder

An aquatic animal that feeds on organisms on the bottom of a body of water

Endotherm

An animal that can generate its own body heat

Hibernation

A state of inactivity characterized by reduced metabolic rate and body temperature during winter

Migration

The seasonal movement of animals from one region to another

Vocalization

The sounds an animal makes

Echolocation

The use of sound waves and echoes to determine the location of objects

Botany

The scientific study of plants

Seed

A flowering plant's unit of reproduction, capable of developing into another such plant

Spore

A reproductive unit of some plants and microorganisms

Germination

The process by which a plant grows from a seed or spore

Pollen

A fine powdery substance produced by seed-bearing plants

Photosynthesis

The process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy

Chlorophyll

A green pigment in plants that absorbs light energy for photosynthesis

Cellulose

A structural carbohydrate found in the cell walls of plants

Stem

The main body or stalk of a plant

Petal

A modified leaf of a flowering plant

Stoma

A pore in the epidermis of a leaf or stem

Vein

A vascular structure in a leaf

Taproot

A main root that grows straight down

Perennial

A plant that lives for more than two years

Annual

A plant that completes its life cycle in one year

Biennial

A plant that completes its life cycle in two years

Vegetation

Plant life in general

Cluster

A group of similar things positioned or occurring closely together

Clump

A compact mass of something

Scrubland

Vegetation dominated by shrubs

Canopy

The upper layer of a forest

Forest Understory

The vegetation layer beneath the forest canopy

Timberline

The edge of the habitat at which trees are capable of growing

Deciduous

Shedding foliage annually

Shade-Tolerant

Able to grow in shady conditions

Broad-Leaved

Having wide leaves

Conifer

A cone-bearing tree

Insectivorous Plant

A plant that derives some or most of its nutrients from trapping and consuming animals or protozoans

Alga

A simple, nonflowering plant of a large group including the seaweeds and many single-celled forms

Arboreal

Living in trees

Complete Metamorphosis

Insect development consisting of four stages: egg, larva, pupa, and adult

Larva

The immature form of an insect that undergoes complete metamorphosis

Caterpillar

The larva of a butterfly or moth

Pupa

An insect in its transformation stage between larva and adult

Cocoon

A silky protective case spun by the larvae of many insects

Incomplete Metamorphosis

Insect development in which the nymph hatches from an egg and gradually develops into the adult form

Ecdysis

The process of shedding an outer layer of skin

Mimicry

The close external resemblance of an animal or plant to another animal, plant, or inanimate object

Protective Coloration

Coloration that allows an animal to blend with its environment

Camouflage

The way in which some animals and plants use their color and shape to blend in with their surroundings