Chapter 15: Psychological Disorders

Diane is constantly concerned about things at work even when she is at home. She is constantly worried about her home life even when she is at work. Diane has a free-floating anxiety that leaves her tense, irritable, impairs her concentration, and leaves her with many sleepless nights. Diane suffers from

generalized anxiety disorder

People who suffer from ____ are so preoccupied by unwanted repetitive thoughts and/or actions that they are unable to function in their daily lives

obsessive compulsive disorder

Andrea experiences extreme anxiety when she approaches any lake. Her therapist suggest that her fear is the result of a traumatic childhood boating accident. The therapist's suggestion reflects a ________ perspective

learning

Boris is a prolific painter. However, he is also prone to periods of hopelessness and depression, which are followed by periods of mania. It is very likely that Boris is suffering from ______ and does his best work ______

bipolar disorder; during periods of mania

An overabundance of the neurotransmitter norepinephrine is most likely to be associated with

a manic episode

Depression is a serious, common psychological problem that affects many people. Although questions remain concerning the cause of depression, we do know that

women are twice as likely to suffer from depression than men

ongoing patterns of thoughts, feelings, and actions that are deviant, distressful, and harmful to the individual or to others

psychological disorders

standards for deviant behavior vary by ________ and ______

culture and time

the concept that disease, including those of a psychological nature, have physical cause that can be diagnosed, treated, and cured through treatment, often in a hospital

the medical

a widely used system for classifying psychological disorders

DSM-5

psychological disorders characterized by distressing, persistent worry/anxiety, and/or maladaptive behaviors that reduce worry/anxiety

anxiety disorders

Name the anxiety orders

generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, phobias, OCD, PTSD

an anxiety disorder in which a person is continually tense, apprehensive, and in a state of autonomic system arousal, with both cognitive and physical symptoms

Generalized anxiety disorder

an anxiety disorder marked by brief, unpredictable episodes of intense dread, with terror and chest pain, choking, or other frightening sensations

panic disorder

an anxiety disorder marked by persistent, irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object or situation

phobias

a disorder marked by unwanted repetitive thoughts and/or actions

OCD

excessive acquisition of and inability or unwillingness to discard large quantities of objects that cover the living areas of the home and cause significant distress or impairment

compulsive hoarding

A disorder marked by haunting memories, nightmares, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, and/or insomnia that lingers four or more weeks after a traumatic experience

PTSD

The learning perspectives of anxiety disorders

fear conditioning, observational learning, cognition

when associations form between neutral stimuli and fearful events

fear conditioning

our interpretation and irrational beliefs also make for anxiety

cognition

the biological perspective of anxiety disorders

natural selection, genes, the brain

anxiety disorders run in families; some studies point to an anxiety gene that affects levels of _____

serotonin

anxiety disorders are manifested as over-arousal of ____ areas involved in impulse control and habitual behaviors

brain

Name the mood disorders

major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder

a mood disorder in which a person experiences two or more weeks of feelings of worthlessness, and diminished interest or pleasure in most activities

major depressive disorder

a mood disorder in which the person alternates between the lethargy of depression and the overexcited state of mania

bipolar disorder

Psychological disorders characterized by emotional extremes

mood disorders

Mood disorders run in families. If one identical twin has major depression, there is a ______ chance that the other one will too; the chance are even higher for bipolar disorder ____

50%; 70%

many studies have found _____ activity (left frontal lobe) in the brain during depressive states

less

many studies have found _____ activity in the brain during period of mania

more

Norepinephrine is _____ during depression

scarce

Norepinephrine is _________ during mania.

overabundant

Serotonin is also ______ during depression

scarce

A severe disorder characterized by disorganized and delusional thinking, disturbed perceptions, and inappropriate emotions and actions

Schizophrenia

Symptoms of Schizophrenia

delusions, disturbed perceptions, inappropriate emotions and actions

fragmented, bizarre, and often distorted beliefs that have no basis in reality

delusions

experiencing hallucinations, seeing, feeling, tasting, or smelling things that are not there

disturbed perceptions

feelings and behaviors that are split off from reality

inappropriate emotions and actions

Brain abnormalities are linked to dopamine ________, and abnormal brain activity and anatomy. Such abnormalities have been linked to maternal viruses during mid pregnancy

overactivity

the nearly ________ odds of a person being diagnosed with schizophrenia becomes ________ among those with a sibling or parent with the disorder

1 in 100; 1 in 10

a rare conditions in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities. Formerly called multiple personality disorder

Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)

a personality disorder in which the person exhibits a lack of conscious for wrongdoing, as well as a tendency for aggression

Antisocial Personality Disorder