Physical science (unit 1 test Friday)

Energy left over from the beginning of the universe

plasma

The process that powers stars by combining hydrogen into helium

nuclear fusion

Light that appears stretched, indicating an object is moving away

red-shifted light

a graph showing the relationship between star temperature and brightness

H-R diagram

A galaxy with curved arms extending from a central bulge

spiral galaxy

The 4th state of matter found in stars

CMBR (cosmic microwave background radiation)

a stable star that fuses hydrogen at its core

main sequence star

An oval shaped galaxy with older stars

elliptical galaxy

A very large, bright star with a high luminosity but low temp

super giant

Strong nuclear force (SNF)

1. The strongest force

2. Affects quarks, protons, neutrons

3. Glues quarks together, prevents protons and neutrons from exploding, its the forming nucleus of an atom

Electromagnetic force (EMF)

1. 2nd strongest

2. Affects any material with positive or negative charge

3. Holds matter together, pulls electrons to the nuclei to form atoms to then form molecules, etc

Weak nuclear force (WNF)

1. 2nd weakest

2. Affects quarks

3. Transforms quarks, nuclear fusion, molten core of earth is kept hot by WNF, beta decay—> turns proton into neutrons and vice versa

Gravitational force

1. Weakest

2. Affects all bodies of matter and energy

3. Shapes all large matter in the universe, we can only see its effects on huge materials