Physical science (unit 1 test Friday)

The fourth state of matter found in stars

CMBR (cosmic microwave background radiation)

The process that powers stars by combining hydrogen into helium (makes a star shine)

nuclear fusion

Light that appears stretched, indicating an object is moving away

red-shifted light

a graph showing the relationship between star temperature and brightness

H-R diagram

A galaxy with curved arms extending from a central bulge

spiral galaxy

Energy left over from the beginning of the universe

Plasma

a stable star that fuses hydrogen at its core

main sequence star

An oval shaped galaxy with older stars

elliptical galaxy

A very large, bright star with a high luminosity but low temp

super giant

Strong nuclear force (SNF)

1. The strongest force

2. Affects quarks (attracts and repels them) protons, neutrons

3. Glues quarks together, prevents protons and neutrons from exploding

Electromagnetic force (EMF)

1. 2nd strongest

2. Affects any material with a charge

3. Holds matter together

Weak nuclear force (WNF)

1. 2nd weakest

2. Affects quarks

3. Transforms quarks (not pushing or pulling or attracting, just changing) beta decay—> turns protons into neutrons and vice versa

Gravitational force

1. Weakest

2. Affects all bodies of matter and energy

3. Shapes all large matter in the universe (large matter visibly)

Irregular galaxy

-no specific or clear shape

-young

-lots of star formations

Evidence for the big bang

1. Red-shifted light (comes from objects that are moving away from observer)

2. Expanding universe (Hubble observed that galaxies are all moving away from each other)

3. Leftover radiation (CMBR, cosmic microwave background radiation)

4. Our predictions match reality