INTERMOLECULAR BONDS

ionic forces

ionic forces

Ø Electrostatic forces. Opposite charges attract each other. o These are the strongest intermolecular forces. Hold many ions in a crystal lattice structure.

covalent bonding

o Nonpolar bonding with an equal sharing of electrons. o Polar bonding with an unequal sharing of electrons.

electrostatic attraction

the attraction between positive and negative charges

intramolecular forces

are the forces within a molecule (e.g., ionic, covalent, polar covalent, metallic).

intermolecular forces

are forces between different molecules (e.g., atoms or ions).

dipole-dipole forces

forces of attraction between polar molecules

ion-dipole forces

attractive forces between an ion and a polar molecule

permanent dipole

Molecules are attracted to each other in a compound by these positive and negative forces

hydrogen bonding

the intermolecular force in which a hydrogen atom that is bonded to a highly electronegative atom is attracted to an unshared pair of electrons of an electronegative atom in a nearby molecule

london dispersion forces

is a temporary attractive force that results when the electrons in two adjacent atoms occupy positions that make the atoms form temporary dipoles

instantaneous dipole

temporary dipole that occurs for a brief moment in time when the electrons of an atom or molecule are distributed asymmetrically

van der waals forces

a slight attraction that develops between the oppositely charged regions of nearby molecules

strongest IMF

hydrogen bond

weakest IMF

London dispersion forces

strongest to weakest IMFs

Ion-Ion > Ion-dipole > hydrogen bonding > dipole-dipole > London dispersion forces