SPED week 1

Vocabulary flashcards covering key terms, definitions, and concepts from the Special Education lecture notes.

Normality

The concept of what is normal; studied by normatology; used to distinguish typical from atypical, with input from clinical psychology.

Normatology

The study of what is normal across disciplines such as psychology, philosophy, sociology, biology, and mathematics.

Typical

Conforming to a standard or norm; the usual or expected development.

Atypical

Not typical; deviating from the norm.

Special Education

A customized instructional program designed to meet the unique needs of an individual learner; may involve specialized materials, equipment, services, and teaching strategies; not limited to a single location.

Exceptional Children

An inclusive term for individuals who differ from ordinary norms and may require individualized programs; identification does not automatically mean special education.

Impairment

Loss or reduced function of a body part or organ.

Disability

Limitations imposed on an individual by impairment in cognitive, physical, sensory, emotional, or learning domains.

Handicap

A problem encountered when interacting with the environment; consequences arise from environmental barriers.

Developmental Delay

For ages 3–9, performance significantly below developmental norms.

At Risk

Children who have a greater-than-usual chance of developing a disability.

IDEA

Individuals with Disabilities Education Act; federal law defining a child with a disability and requiring special education and related services.

Child with a Disability (IDEA)

A child who has one of the listed impairments and needs special education and related services.

Related Services

Services to help a student with disabilities access education (e.g., psychological assessment and counseling, transportation, speech/language, physical therapy, occupational therapy).

Psychological Services

Related service for assessment and counseling.

Supplementary Aids and Services

Supports to help students with special needs succeed in general education (e.g., taped textbooks, computer adaptations, peer tutoring).

Prevalence

The total number of individuals in a category during a period.

Incidence

The rate of new cases appearing in a population over a specific time period.

Autism

A disability category within the 13 disability categories.

Deaf-blindness

A disability category involving both hearing and vision loss.

Emotional Disturbance

A disability category related to emotional or behavioral difficulties.

Hearing Impairments

A disability category including hearing loss (deafness).

Intellectual Disability

A disability category involving below-average intellectual functioning and adaptive skills.

Multiple Disabilities

A disability category involving more than one disabling condition.

Orthopedic Impairments

A disability category affecting physical or motor function due to orthopedic conditions.

Other Health Impairments

A disability category including acute or chronic health issues that limit functioning.

Specific Learning Disabilities

A disability category affecting reading, writing, mathematics, and related learning processes.

Speech or Language Impairments

A disability category involving communication disorders.

Traumatic Brain Injury

A disability category resulting from a brain injury.

Visual Impairments

A disability category including vision loss, including blindness.

Inclusion

Integration of students with disabilities into general education classrooms.

PL 94-142 (Education for All Handicapped Children Act)

Legislation that guaranteed rights to a free appropriate public education and promoted inclusion.

IFSP

Individualized Family Service Plan; service plan for infants/toddlers and their families (Early Intervention).

Early Intervention (EI)

Services for birth to age 2 to support development of infants and toddlers.

Transition Services

Services to support movement from school to post-school life; part of transition planning.

Individualized Transition Plan (ITP)

Plan detailing transition goals and supports for adolescence/young adulthood.

Universal Design for Learning (UDL)

A holistic approach to designing curriculum and assessments to accommodate diverse learners; includes multiple means of representation, engagement, and expression.

Multiple Means of Representation

Different ways to present information to learners.

Multiple Means of Engagement

Different ways to involve and motivate learners.

Multiple Means of Expression

Different ways for learners to demonstrate what they know.

Differentiated Instruction

Three dimensions: Content (what students learn), Process (how they learn), and Products (how they demonstrate learning).

Cooperative Teaching

An instructional approach where a general education and a special education teacher teach together in a general education classroom.

Co-teaching Models

Common instructional arrangements: one-teach, one observe; one-teach, one-support; station; parallel; team; and alternative teaching.

One Teach, One Observe

A co-teaching arrangement in which one teacher leads while the other observes students.

One Teach, One Support

A co-teaching arrangement in which one teacher leads while the other provides targeted support.

Station Teaching

A co-teaching arrangement with rotating small-group stations.

Parallel Teaching

Two teachers split the class and teach the same material to two different groups.

Alternative Teaching

A co-teaching arrangement with a small group receiving specialized instruction.

Team Teaching

A co-teaching arrangement where both teachers plan and deliver instruction together for a heterogeneous group.