General orthopedics

Atrophy

decrease in the size of a muscle

Hypertrophy

increase in the size of a muscle

Hypotonia

reduction in the resting tension of a muscle

Hypertonia

increase in the resting tension of a muscle

Spasm

sudden involuntary contraction of a muscle

Myalgia and Myodynia

painful condition specifically muscle pain

Ostealgia and Osteodynia

painful condition specifically bone pain

Arthralgia and Arthrodynia

painful condition specifically joint pain

Ankylosis

a stiff or immobile joint

Crepitus

the grating/crackling sound that a dysfunctional joint can make

Strain

trauma to a muscle, often causing pain and disability

Sprain

trauma to a ligament that causes pain and joint instability

Dislocation

a joint that is out of its normal anatomical place

Reduction

to lead,” reduction is the process of restoring the proper alignment of a joint or fractured bone

Traction

“to drag, draw,” traction is the pulling on a bone to help with alignment and proper healing

Orthosis

a braceProsthesis

Prosthesis

artificial limb

Closed fracture is a

broken bone with no open wound

Open fracture (or compound fracture) is a

broken bone that has an open wound

Transverse fracture is where

the fracture line is at a right angle

Spiral fracture follows a

helical pattern along a long bone

Comminuted fracture is where 

the bone is broken into little pieces.

Impacted fracture is where

the broken end of a bone is wedged into the other end of the bone

Greenstick fracture is a

bending and incomplete fracture of the bone; and an oblique fracture is when the fracture line is at an angle

Avulsion fracture is a

pulling away of part of the bone, typically at the place of attachment of a ligament