Module 5: Vitamins, Minerals, and Water

Fat-soluble vitamins

Vitamins A, D, E, K that are stored in fat tissues.

Water-soluble vitamins

Vitamins B-complex and C that must be consumed regularly.

Vitamin C

Essential for collagen synthesis.

B vitamins

Act as coenzymes in energy metabolism.

Vitamin D

Promotes calcium absorption and bone health.

Iron

A major component of hemoglobin.

Antioxidants

Compounds that neutralize free radicals and reduce oxidative stress.

Iodine

Necessary for thyroid hormone production.

Phytochemical

A bioactive compound in plant foods that provides health benefits.

Vitamin K

Essential for blood clotting.

Iodine deficiency

Can cause goiter.

Water percentage in the human body

About 60%.

Electrolytes

Help regulate fluid balance, nerve function, and muscle contractions.

Major electrolytes

Sodium and potassium.

Dehydration

A condition resulting from excessive water loss without adequate replacement.

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Regulates water balance by signaling the kidneys to retain water.

Hyponatremia

A condition where sodium levels in the blood are too low due to excessive water intake.

Recommended daily water intake for adults

About 2.7 liters for women and 3.7 liters for men.

Primary source of sodium in the diet

Processed and packaged foods.

Potassium

Important for muscle contraction and nerve transmission.

Hypokalemia

A condition that results from a severe potassium deficiency.