English Grammar Lecture Review

These flashcards cover key concepts from English grammar as discussed in Lecture 1.

When you know a language, you know which __ are part of that language.

sounds

Knowledge of __ involves understanding the structure of words.

word structure (morphology)

Speakers know which combinations of words are __ and which are not.

possible

The ambiguity in 'John ate the ice cream on the table' includes two meanings: MEANING 1 = On the table, John __ the ice cream.

ate

Prescriptive grammar argues that certain forms are more __ than others.

logical

In __ grammar, all varieties of a language are considered valid with their own logic.

descriptive

Nouns are traditional words that refer to __, places, and things.

people

__ nouns typically refer to concepts and cannot be counted.

Abstract

Count nouns can occur with __ numerals, while non-count nouns cannot.

cardinal

The structure of a __ is [DETERMINER] + Noun.

Noun Phrase (NP)

Reflexive pronouns end in -__ and refer back to the subject.

self/selves

__ pronouns refer to indefinite entities or quantities without a specific antecedent.

Indefinite

The __ form of a verb indicates the tense of an action.

verb

Active clauses assign the actor or doer to the __ position.

subject

Passive clauses reverse the typical subject and object order, often omitting the __.

agent

Short passive construction excludes the __ that indicates the doer.

by-phrase

Adjectives modify __, while adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs.

nouns

Negation indicators in English include words such as not, never, and __.

no

In interrogative clauses, the ___ and an auxiliary are inverted.

subject