Lecture Notes on RNA and DNA Processes

Flashcards based on lecture notes focused on RNA and DNA processes, including transcription, translation, and DNA replication.

What are the three main types of RNA mentioned in the lecture?

mRNA (messenger RNA), tRNA (transfer RNA), and rRNA (ribosomal RNA).

What is the significance of the 260/280 nm ratio in DNA testing?

A ratio of about 1.8 to 2 indicates intact DNA, while values outside this range suggest contamination.

What does the term 'semi-conservative replication' refer to in DNA replication?

It means that each new DNA molecule contains one parental strand and one new strand.

What enzyme is responsible for unwinding the DNA helix during replication?

Helicase.

What role does DNA polymerase play in DNA replication?

DNA polymerase synthesizes the new DNA strand by adding complementary nucleotides.

What is the purpose of the RNA polymerase in the transcription process?

RNA polymerase synthesizes RNA by transcribing the DNA template into mRNA.

What is the function of the promoter region in transcription?

The promoter region is where RNA polymerase binds to initiate transcription.

What are introns and exons in the context of mRNA processing?

Introns are non-coding sequences that are removed during mRNA processing, while exons are coding sequences that are expressed.

What is alternative splicing and why is it important?

Alternative splicing allows for the generation of multiple mRNA variants from a single gene, increasing the diversity of proteins produced.

What are the three sites on a ribosome involved in translation?

A site (Amino-acyl site), P site (Peptidyl site), and E site (Exit site).

What are the steps for gDNA extraction?

lyse, filter, bind, wash, elution

What is translation?

Translation is the process by which ribosomes synthesize proteins using mRNA as a template, translating the sequence of nucleotides into a specific sequence of amino acids.

What is transcription?

Transcription is the process by which RNA is synthesized from a DNA template, copying the genetic information into messenger RNA (mRNA) for protein synthesis.

What are the steps for creating proteins?

Initiation, Elongation, Termination

What is the significance of the 260/230 nm ratio in DNA testing?

A ratio of about 2 to 2.2 indicates pure DNA, while values outside this range suggest contamination.