Lecture 7: Maize (Corn), Poaceae, Nutrition, Nixtamalization, Columbian Exchange

These flashcards cover key concepts, facts, and nutritional aspects related to maize, the processes involved in its processing, and its historical significance.

What is the scientific name for maize?

Zea mays.

What family does maize belong to?

Poaceae, also known as the grass family.

What are the three main crops that make up 51% of the world's calorie intake?

Maize, Rice, and Wheat.

What is nixtamalization?

A process that involves cooking corn in an alkaline solution and steeping it to improve its nutritional value.

What is the main difference between nixtamal and masa?

Nixtamal is whole corn treated with lime, whereas masa is ground nixtamal used for making tortillas or tamales.

What is the significance of the Columbian Exchange?

It facilitated the exchange of plants, animals, and diseases between the New World and the Old World.

What is the common nutrient deficiency caused by the consumption of non-nixtamalized maize?

Pellagra, which is associated with deficiencies in vitamin B3 (niacin).

How does nixtamalization affect niacin availability in maize?

It releases niacin from its bound form, making it bioavailable for absorption.

What regions are identified as centers of crop origin by Nikolai Vavilov?

Places where significant diversity of crops are found, including Mesoamerica for maize.

List one major use of maize in industrial products.

As a source of ethanol for biofuel.