Chem flashcards (exam 2)

Photon

A quantum of light or electromagnetic radiation.

Electron Affinity

The amount of energy released when a neutral atom or molecule in the gas state gains an electron.

Ionization Energy

The minimum energy required to remove an electron from an atom in the gas phase.

Zeff (Effective Nuclear Charge)

The actual magnitude of positive charge that is experienced by an electron in an atom.

Atomic Radius

The total distance from an atom's nucleus to the outermost electron.

Isoelectronic

Having the same electronic configuration as a noble gas.

Complete Electron Configuration

A full listing of the distribution of electrons across orbitals.

Condensed Electron Configuration

A shortened version of the full electron configuration using noble gas core.

Lewis Dot Structure

A diagram that shows the bonding between atoms of a molecule and the lone pairs of electrons.

Ionic Compound

A compound formed from the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions.

Molecular Compound

A compound formed when two or more nonmetals bond by sharing electrons.

Empirical Formula

The simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound.

Covalent Bonds

Chemical bonds formed by the sharing of electrons between nonmetals.

Ionic Bonds

Chemical bonds formed by the transfer of electrons, typically between metals and nonmetals.

Periodic Trends

Patterns observed in the periodic table that indicate how certain properties change across periods and groups.

Atomic Number (Z)

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom, which determines the element.

What is the charge of the magnesium Ion?

+2

Natural gas consists primarily of methane, CH4. How many hydrogen atoms are in one methane molecule?

4

This image represents?

d orbital

Which element would you expect to have chemical properties most similar to Br?

I

NO2 makes smog brown, what is the correct name of NO2

Nitrogen dioxide

Compared to a single 3p orbital, a single 4p orbital has ________ energy, _________ size, and ________ shape.

Higher, Larger, the same

Select the element with electron configuration [Kr]5s² 4d³

Nb

Sodium sulfide is used in paper making, what is the formula for sodium sulfide?

Na2S

Octane, C8H18, is a component of gasoline. What is the molar mass of octane?

114.22g/mol

When the principle energy level (shell) is n = 2, what are/is the possible subshell(s)

2s and 2p subshells

In the quantum mechanical model, what do atomic orbitals represent?

the probability that an electron is found at a particular location

Elements with the highest first ionization energies are found in the ________ region of the periodic table.

upper right

large Electron affinity

an element that accepts an electron most readily

. Which orbital diagram presents the ground state configuration of the valence electrons of a Group 5A element such as nitrogen?

C

Which transition in a hydrogen atom will result in the emission of the highest energy photon?

n=3 to n=1

6. How many valence electrons are in an atom with the electron configuration [Ar]4s²3d^104p³?

5

the effective nuclear charge of an atom is less than the actual nuclear charge due to?

shielding

how does atomic radius change as you move across the periodic table?

decreases moving left to right, increases top to bottom.

which factor contributes to the tendency of main group atoms to form monatomic ions with predictable charges?

Nonmetals can gain enough electrons to fill their outermost s- and p-subshells

NASA’s Europa Clipper probe contains a canister of perfluorotributylamine, Cv12Fv27N. How many moles of fluorine are in 0.25 moles of perfluorotributylamine?

6.8mol

What is the electron configuration for the bromide ion Br –?

1s²2s²2p^63s²3p^64s²3d^104p^6

Which orbital diagram accurately represents an oxide ion O^2-

E

Which of the following is a molecular compound? A. Li2S B. C2H6 C. H2 D. Ca(OH)2 E. (NH4)2SO4

B. C2H6

. Nitrite ions are found in lunchmeats. What is the formula for the nitrite ion?

NO2 –