ADM1301 2nd half Key Terms

Charitable donations

• Gifts of money, property, or other resources given to universities by private donors, corporations, foundations, or trusts

• They often do this for tax breaks, good social rep, talent pipeline, etc.

Academic freedom

• The protection of scholars’ ability to teach, research, and express ideas without external interference

University autonomy

• A university’s independence in governing its decisions, priorities, and academic mission

Tax credit / tax deduction

• A financial incentive that reduces the taxes owed by individuals or corporations who make donations

Student advocacy

• Organized actions by students (ex. postering, sit-ins, protests, campaigns) to influence a university’s decisions, policies, and partnerships

Student financing

• Financial commitments or funding targets aimed at supporting environmental or sustainability-related initiatives

Private property

• Legal right to own and use economic goods such as land, buildings, or knowledge

Profit

• Excess of revenues over expenses which allows firm to accumulate financial capital

Competition

• Market system in which many rival sellers seek to provide goods and services to many buyers

Boycott

• Choosing not to buy from or deal with an organization to express moral disapproval of its actions

Free trade

• The movement of goods and services across borders with minimal barriers (such as tariffs)

Intellectual property

• Legal right to make exclusive use of knowledge through patents, copyrights, trademarks, etc.

Individualism

• A person’s own moral doctrine (choices and freedom) having more over the interest of the collective

Colonization

• Process of a group of people establishing control over foreign territory by settling and exploiting its resources

• Includes subjugation and displacement of the indigenous population

Indigenous people

• The original inhabitants of a territory, with distinct cultural, social, and historical ties to their land

Oligopoly

• Market system in which few sellers collude and exercise pricing power over buyers to make excessive profit

Capitalism - Class domination

• Dominations of owners of the means of production over workers

• Men dominate men

Capitalism - Gender domination

• Domination of paid work over care work which was often done by women

• Men dominate women

Capitalism - Political domination

• Powerful states/elites over less powerful societies/citizens

Capitalism - Ecological domination

• Human economic production over nature (extraction & exploitation)

Social impact

• Measurable positive and negative changes made to society or the environment as a result of a organization’s actions

Social capital

• Networks, norms, and trust that facilitate coordination and cooperation for mutual benefit

Social entrepreneurship

• Using innovative business solutions to address social, cultural, or environmental issues

Theory of change

• Framework used to outline how and why a desired change is expected to happen in a particular context

Scaling

• Process of expanding an initiative to reach a larger audience and make a sustainable impact

B-corp

• For-profit company certified by the nonprofit organization B Lab for meeting high standards of social and environmental performance, accountability, and transparency

Work-life balance

• Finding a healthy equilibrium between your professional responsibilities and personal life

Employee loyalty

• Willingness of employees to stay with the company, support its goals, and contribute to its success

Anti-racism

• Proactive approach to combating racial prejudice, systemic racism, and the oppression of specific racial groups

Gig economy

• Labor market characterized by short-term, flexible, and freelance jobs rather than permanent, full-time positions

• Ex. Uber, Doordash, Etsy

Discrimination

• Unfair treatment of employees based on certain protected characteristics such as race, gender, religious beliefs, etc.

Intersectionality

• Awareness of how various aspects of a person’s identities combine to create unique modes of discrimination and privilege

• Various identities lead to unique experiences

Diversity management

• Purposeful efforts by an organization to go beyond what the law requires to eliminate workplace discrimination and promote employment equity

Ethics

• Rules and principles used to evaluate the extent to which actions are moral (good/bad) or desirable (right/wrong)

Deontological ethics

• An action is good if it is accomplished by following the right process

Utilitarian ethics

• An action is good if it has positive outcomes for the most amount of people

• ‘Needs of the many over the needs of the few’

Ethic of care

• An action is good if it shows empathy, solidarity, reciprocity, and builds community

Values statement

• Description of the beliefs and principles that guide an organization

Conflict of interest

• When someone has a personal interest that appears to influence the objective exercise of their official duties for an organization

Whistleblowing

• Act of voluntary disclosure of inappropriate behaviour or decisions from persons in positions of authority in an organization

Honour of the Crown

• Legal principle requiring the government to act in good faith and respect Indigenous rights in decision-making

Indigenous consultation

• Engagement with First Nations communities affected by projects, often tied to rights, safety, and consent

Indigenous consent

• The requirement that Indigenous communities approve projects affecting their lands before they proceed

Equity owners

• Individuals or groups that hold an ownership share in a project and are entitled to profit or decision-making

Social acceleration

• The overall process where technology, social change, and daily life speed up, making people feel like they have less time

Technological acceleration

• The speeding up of tools and technologies that allow tasks to be done faster

Acceleration of social change

• The increasing speed at which norms, roles, and institutions, change

Pace of life

• The subjective feeling of how fast life is, often experienced as being busy, rushed, or overwhelmed

Time pressure

• The feeling that there is not enough time to complete tasks or meet expectations

Efficiency paradox

• Even though things become faster and more efficient, people often feel more busy, overwhelmed, and struggle to keep up

Burnout

• A state of emotional, mental, and physical exhaustion caused by constant pressure and acceleration

What are commons?

1. Common goods (rival & non-excludable)

2. A community deriving its livelihood from the common good

3. Shared norms of governance that aim to ensure the sustainability of the common good

Degrowth

• Three principles: producing less, sharing more, deciding together

• Ideas: car pooling, lobby big corps to rethink their business model, compensation systems for cutting trees, less red meat