Lesson 12.1 : Alkanes and Cycloalkanes

Alkanes

Hydrocarbons that lack π bonds are called saturated hydrocarbons, or alkanes. The names of these compounds usually end with the suffix “-ane,” lack π bonds- they consist only of single bonds between carbon and hydrogen atoms (C-H) and between carbon atoms (C-C)

The term “cyclo”

is used to indicate the presence of a ring in the structure of an alkane. For example, these compounds are called cycloalkanes:

Alkyl groups

Substituents are named with the same terminology used for naming parents, only we add the letters “yl.” For example, a substituent with one carbon atom (a CH3 group) is called a methyl group. A substituent with two carbon atoms is called an ethyl group. These groups are generically called alkyl groups.

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