ap gov unit 1

Hobbes believed + wrote

We need government, leviathan

Locke

most influential, believed humans are naturally free

Rousseau belived + wrote

People are better in the state of nature, less powerful government is better, On the Social Contract.

Montesqieu believed + created

agreed w/ locke and anti-slavery, laid out three branches of government

5 principles of democracy

Consent of the Governed
Representative government
Rule of Law
Individual Rights
Checks and Balances

What is the rule of law?

All laws must be published

Individual rights means

protections of personal freedoms

Federalism

balance of power between states and national government.

Aeropagticia arguments

Freedom of speech and the press
you can say anything unless it affects others rights

killing a book = killing people

book= immortal idea of a person

Pluralist government is?

organized groups compete for influence. Ex. republicans and democrats

Elite government is?

i know

declaration of independence

Declares colonies independence from Britain.

Lists King George’s abuses.

Asserts natural rights of life, liberty, happiness.

Government exists by consent of the governed.

People may overthrow unfair governments.

Constitution compromises

3/5 compromise

fugitive slave clause

1808 slavery compromise

Electoral College

The Great Compromise

how was the electoral college a compromise

people vote for electors, electors vote for president

the great compromise

decided 2 congress houses - house of reps and senate

First 3 articles of the const.

1 Legislative Branch

2 Executive Branch

3 Judicial Branch

articles 4-7 of constitution.

4. State relations

5. amendment process

6. federal power

7. ratification

what did the commerce clause regulate

interstate + foreign comerce

What did the enclave clause say

congress controls militia

what did the neccesary and proper (elastic clause) do

expand congress power

powers of congress

make laws

declare war

impeach 

tax

amend constitution

ratify treaties

powers of president

execute law

commander in chief of army

grant pardons

negotiate treaties

powers of federal courts (judiciary)

interpret law

establish court proceedings

interperate constitution 

amendment 11

you cant sue government without its permission

amendment 12

separates president and vice president vote

amendment 23

gives washington D.C. residents right to vote

amendment 25

clarifies presidential succession and replacing the vice president.

separation of powers

three branches of government

checks and balances of executive branch

judicial - appoint judges

legislative - veto bills

checks and balances of legislative branch

judicial - approve judges

executive - impeach

checks and balances of judicial branch

legislative - declare laws unconstitutional

executive - declare presidential actions unconstitutional

federalism

balance of power between states powers and federal powers

brutus 1 main point

large republic is inefficient

federalist 10

large republics best control factions

Enumerated, Reserved, Concurrent, and denied powers

E is only federal

R is only state

C is both

how does the Federal Government influences States?

block grants, categorical grants, federal revenue sharing

block grants + pros/cons

specified amount, left up to states on how it is spent.

Pros: efficient

Cons: hard to measure effectiveness

categorical grants types

project grant funding, formula grant funding

categorical grants pros and cons

pros: effectiveness can be measured

cons: requires more federal supervision

project grant funding

competitive for money through application

formula grant funding

noncompetitive, everyone gets money based on a formula

McCulloh v. Maryland

Maryland taxed federal bank

Tax was ruled unconstitutional due to commerce clause authority 

Gibbons vs. Ogden

Ogden prevented Gibbons from docking at New York

ruled unconstitutional due to commerce clause authority

US. vs Lopez

lopez carried a gun into a school zone violating the Gun-Free school zones act.

unconstitutional, commerce clause did not have authority

cultural relativism

people from other lives have different ways of viewing the world