Micro 10: Select Gram-Positive/Negative Bacterium

Bacillus anthracis

Gram-Positive

Bacillota: Endospore-Forming Species

Rod-shaped soil bacterium

causes anthrax

bacillus subtilis

Gram-Positive

Bacillota: Endospore-Forming Species

Rod-shaped soil bacterium

Major model system for research

Clostridioides difficile

Gram-Positive

Bacillota: Endospore-Forming Species

Rod with bulging spores

Causes intestinal disease in patients whose normal biota are diminished by antibiotics

Clostridium tetani

Gram-Positive

Bacillota: Endospore-Forming Species

Rod with bulging spores

Causes tetanus

Lactobacillus spp.

Gram-Positive

Bacillota: Non-Spore-Forming Species

Rods

Dairy culture

Listeria spp.

Gram-Positive

Bacillota: Non-Spore-Forming Species

Rods

Intracellular pathogens that grow at refrigerator temperature

Staphylococcus aureus

Gram-Positive

Bacillota: Non-Spore-Forming Species

Coccus

Infects skin and causes toxic shock syndrome & MRSA

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Gram-Positive

Mycoplasmatota

Ameboid shape

Causes pneumonia

Propionibacterium freudenreichii

Gram-Positive

Actinomycetota

Rod

Makes Swiss cheese

Actinomyces israelii

Gram-Positive

Actinomycetota

Forms branched mycelial filaments

Causes actinomycosis

Cutibacterium acnes

Gram-Positive

Actinomycetota

Rod

Causes acne

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Gram-Positive

Actinomycetota

Short rod / acid fast

extremely thick cell wall with mycolic acids

Agrobacterium tumefaciens

Gram-Negative

Pseudomonadota

Rod

Induces plant tumors

Coxiella burnetii

Gram-Negative

Pseudomonadota

Rod

Intracellular pathogen

Causes Q fever

Escherichia coli

Gram-Negative

Pseudomonadota

Rod

Main vehicle for biotechnology

strains cause intestinal/bladder infections

Geobacter metallireducens

Gram-Negative

Pseudomonadota

Rod with electron-conducting nanowires

Generates electricity in fuel cells

Legionella pneumophila

Gram-Negative

Pseudomonadota

Rod

Grows within amebas or macrophages

Causes lung infection legionellosis

Myxococcus xanthus

Gram-Negative

Pseudomonadota

Rod

Soil bacterium that aggregates to form fruiting bodies

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Gram-Negative

Pseudomonadota

Rod

Diplococcus

Nitrobacter winogradskyi

Gram-Negative

Pseudomonadota

Rod

Nitrite-oxidizing lithotroph active in soil

Rhodopseudomonas palustris

Gram-Negative

Pseudomonadota

Rod

Photoheterotroph in pond water

Rickettsia rickettsii

Gram-Negative

Pseudomonadota

Rod

Intracellular pathogen

Salmonella enterica

Gram-Negative

Pseudomonadota

Rod

Enteric pathogen that may grow intracellularly

Sinorhizobium meliloti

Gram-Negative

Pseudomonadota

Rod

Forms bacteroids that fix nitrogen for legumes

Bacteroides fragilis

Gram-Negative

Bacteroidota

Rod

Obligate anaerobe found in gut biota, where it modulates innate immune response

Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron

Gram-Negative

Bacteroidota

Rod

Obligate anaerobe that is a major component of gut biota due to its ability to digest complex plant fibers

Porphyromonas gingivalis

Gram-Negative

Bacteroidota

Rod

Obligate anaerobe that causes periodontal disease