mutations

Missense mutations are changes in a… that lead to a change in both the …. and the…..

single base

resulting mRNA codon

amino acid in the protein product.

Nonsense mutations are changes in a …that change a codon for an amino acid into a ….

Single base

stop codon.

Silent mutations are changes in a ….that lead to a change in the …. but no change in the ….

single base

resulting mRNA codon

resulting amino acid in the protein product.

Frameshift mutations are changes in …. that lead to a change in the….of codons read by the ribosome during…

one or more bases

reading frame

translation.

missense: change in

amino acids

nonsense: change to

stop codon

frameshift: change

reading frame

silent:

no change in product

changes in a single base that change a codon for an amino acid into a stop codon. As a result, translation stops early and the primary sequence of the protein product is only a fraction of its normal length.

Nonsense

changes in a single base that lead to a change in both the resulting mRNA codon and the amino acid in the protein product.

missense

These mutations change the amino acid specified by a codon, and thus its "sense."

missense

A stop codon anywhere but at or near the very end of a gene will produce a shortened protein that is nonsense in terms of function.

nonsense

changes in a single base that lead to a change in the resulting mRNA codon but no change in the resulting amino acid in the protein product.

silent

occur because of the redundancy in the genetic code.

silent

changes in one or more bases that lead to a change in the reading frame of codons read by the ribosome during translation.

Frameshift