Chapter 10 Anatomy and Physiology

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54 Terms

1

The smallest contractile (functional) unit of skeletal muscle is the

sarcomere

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2

Bundles of muscle fibers held together by perimysium are called

fascicles

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3

What do you call the dense connective tissue layer that encloses the entire muscle?

epipmysium

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4

Which neurotransmitter is released at motor end plates by the motor neuron?

ACh

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5

Holding a plank is an example of a _____ contraction.

isometric

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6

What is the function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in skeletal muscle?

store calcium

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7

Extensions of the ______ are called T tubules.

sarcolemma

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8

A ______ is dense regular connective tissue that attached a muscle to a bone.

tendon

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9

Muscle fibers that use glycolysis to produce ATP are called ______.

fast glycolytic

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10

The myosin-binding sites are blocked by ______ in a resting muscle cell.

tropomyosin

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11

What is the only energy source used directly for muscle contraction?

ATP

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12

In order for the myosin heads to detach from actin, what must bind?

ATP

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13

Which filaments run throughout the entire A band?

thick

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14

Thick filaments are mostly made of the protein, _______.

myosin

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15

What is the space called between the axon terminal and the sarcolemma?

synaptic cleft

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16

Does a sarcomere shorten during muscle contraction to generate force?

yes

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17

Which zone of the sarcomere shortens and can fully disappear when a muscle contracts?

h zone

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18

What causes rigor mortis in muscles after death?

not enough ATP

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19

Which ion links excitation to contraction?

ca2+

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20

Put in order smallest to biggest: fascicles, myolfilaments, myofibrils, muscle fibers, muscle

myofilaments, myofibrils, muscle fibers, fascicles, muscle

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21

Which type of muscle contraction occurs when the muscle shortens during contraction?

concentric

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22

Which type of muscle is striated and voluntary?

skeletal

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23

A 10K race would be considered _____ exercise while a 100 meter dash is _______ exercise.

aerobic; anaerobic

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24

For skeletal muscles to contract, calcium ions must bind to _____ in the sarcoplasm.

troponin

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25

When we lift weights, do we make new muscle fibers or do our existing muscle fibers get bigger?

existing muscle fibers hypertrophy

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26

Fast glycolytic fibers are _____ in color.

white

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27

Slow oxidative fibers are _____ in color.

red

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28

Which type of muscle contraction occurs when the muscle neither shortens nor lengthens during contraction?

isometric

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29

Thin filaments are mostly made of a contractile protein called _______________.

actin

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30

What builds up during intense exercise without sufficient oxygen?

lactic acid

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31

What do you call muscle fibers that use oxygen and cellular respiration to produce ATP?

slow oxidative

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32

Holding a tray of food in the same position is an example of a ____ contraction.

isometric

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33

A single contraction in response to a single threshold stimulus is called a muscle ______.

twitch

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34

What is an aponeurosis?

flat, sheet-like tendon

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35

A single muscle cell is called a

muscle fiber

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36

Myofibrils are composed primarily of

actin and myosin

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37

The striated appearance of skeletal muscle results from the

arrangments of filaments

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38

__________ is the space between each myosin filament where there is actin only.

I band

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39

The plasma membrane of a muscle cell is called the

sarcolemma

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40

Groups of skeletal muscle fibers are bound together by a connective tissue envelope called the

perimysium

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41

Each fascicle contain many

muscle fibers

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42

What is in the middle of the H zone?

M line

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43

Sections of the sarcomere that includes actin only.

I band

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44

A bundle of muscle fibers are called.....

fascicles

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45

Sections of the sarcomere that includes the myosin and some of the actin.

A band

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46

Which muscle tissue is voluntary?

skeletal

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47

Which muscle tissue does not have a banded appearance?

smooth

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48

Which muscle tissue has dense connective tissue packaging?

skeletal

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49

Which muscle tissue coordinates activity allowing it to act as a pump?

cardiac

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50

Which muscle tissue has one single centrally located nucleus?

smooth

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51

Which muscle tissue is often referred to as the muscular system?

skeletal

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52

Which muscle tissue aids in the movement of the facial skin?

skeletal

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53

Which muscle tissue has intercalated disks?

cardiac

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54

What areas in the sarcomere change when contraction occurs?

I band, H zone, Z lines/discs

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