Sociology Chapter 6 DEVIANCE EXTRA CONTINUED

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18 Terms

1

Q: Where does deviance start?

starts with society—society sets the norms and expectations, and when people struggle to meet them, deviance occurs.

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2

What is Strain Theory, and who created it?

Robert Merton developed Strain Theory, which explains how people feel strain when they can’t meet societal expectations using approved methods.

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3

What does Strain Theory say about goals and methods?

Society creates goals (like the American Dream) and tells people the "right" way to achieve them (like education and hard work).

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4

How does Strain Theory relate to the American Dream?

A: Society teaches: “Work hard, get educated, and you’ll succeed.” But if people follow the rules and still fail, they may feel frustrated and turn to deviance.

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5

Q: What is a Conformist in Strain Theory?

accepts the goal (success) and accepts the method (education, hard work).

🔹 Example: A student who studies, goes to college, and works hard to succeed.

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6

What is an Innovator in Strain Theory?

accepts the goal (success) but rejects the approved method, finding illegal or unconventional ways to succeed.

🔹 Example: A drug dealer or scam artist who wants wealth but doesn’t follow the legal path.

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7

What is a Ritualist in Strain Theory?

rejects the goal (success) but continues following the method just to appear “normal.”

🔹 Example: Someone stuck in a dead-end job who no longer cares about success but still follows the routine.

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8

What is a Retreatist in Strain Theory?

rejects both the goal and the method, completely withdrawing from society.

🔹 Example: A non-functioning drug addict or alcoholic who doesn’t try to succeed or participate in society.

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9

What is a Rebel in Strain Theory?

rejects society’s goals and methods and creates their own system—they want to change the way society works.

🔹 Example: A revolutionary leader or someone involved in counterculture movements.

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10

Q: How does the cost of living affect conformity?

When things become more expensive, fewer people conform because it’s harder to succeed using approved methods.

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11

Q: What is Stigma, according to Goffman?.

A: A very negative label that changes how people see you and how you see yourself.

🔹 Example: Someone with a criminal record struggles to get jobs because of the stigma

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12

Q: What is Labeling Theory?

When people are given a label, they start to believe it and act accordingly.

🔹 Example: If a teenager is labeled a troublemaker, teachers and peers may treat them differently, leading them to act out even more.

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13

Q: How does someone develop a Deviant Identity?

Over time, if people treat you like a deviant, you start to believe you are one and act accordingly.

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14

What happens when deviance becomes a Master Status?

The deviant label becomes the main thing people associate you with, overshadowing everything else about you.

🔹 Example: A person labeled a criminal might struggle to be seen as anything else, even after changing their behavior.

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15

What are Primary and Secondary Deviance?

  • Primary Deviance: A small act of rule-breaking that doesn’t define a person.

  • Labeling: Society labels the person as deviant.

  • Secondary Deviance: After being labeled, the person accepts the deviant identity and continues the behavior.

Example: A teenager shoplifts once (Primary Deviance) → gets caught and labeled a thief → starts shoplifting regularly (Secondary Deviance).

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16

Q: What is Retrospective Deviance?

When someone is labeled as deviant, people start reinterpreting their past actions to fit the label.

🔹 Example: If a teacher is arrested for fraud, people might look back and say, “I always thought they were suspicious.”

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17

Q: What does Edwin Sutherland say about deviance in Differential Association THEORY

Deviance is learned—people pick up deviant behaviors from their surroundings.

🔹 Example: If you grow up in a neighborhood with high crime, you are more likely to engage in crime because it becomes normalized.

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18

What does the Broken Windows Experiment show?.

Deviance attracts deviance—if small crimes go unpunished, bigger crimes follow.

🔹 Example: If a neighborhood has graffiti, broken windows, and litter, people are more likely to commit crimes because they think no one cares

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