Vocabulary Flashcards for Ancient Greece
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40 Terms
Peninsula
A piece of land nearly surrounded by water.
Polis (City-State)
A Greek city-state.
Bard
A Greek storyteller.
Agora
A gathering place; marketplace in ancient Greece.
Acropolis
A high city used for religious ceremonies and events.
Colony
A settlement in a new territory that maintains ties with its homeland.
Phalanx
A military formation of armed foot soldiers arranged closely together.
Balkan Peninsula
A large peninsula in southeastern Europe containing the Greek mainland.
Asia Minor (Anatolia)
The western Asian peninsula that is present-day Turkey.
Minoans
The earliest Greek civilization that developed on the island of Crete.
Knossos
The Minoan capital city, known for its palace and advanced architecture.
Mycenaeans
A Greek civilization that followed the Minoans and built fortresses on the mainland.
Dorians
A Greek-speaking people who invaded and contributed to the Greek Dark Age.
Hellenes
Another name for the Greeks.
Greek Dark Age
A period of decline and loss of knowledge following the collapse of the Mycenaean civilization.
Oligarchy
A government ruled by a few powerful individuals.
Tyrant
A ruler who takes power by force.
Democracy
A form of government in which citizens govern themselves.
Peloponnesus Peninsula
A large peninsula in southern Greece, home to Sparta.
Helot
A member of a class of serfs in ancient Sparta.
Ephor
A high-ranked government official in Sparta who was elected by the council of elders.
Solon
A reform-minded Athenian leader who improved democracy and laws.
Cleisthenes
An Athenian leader who established the foundation for Athenian democracy.
Persia (Present-day Iran)
A vast ancient empire in southwestern Asia.
Cyrus
The founder of the Persian Empire.
Satrapies
The 20 provinces into which Darius divided the Persian Empire.
Satrap
The governor of a Persian province.
10,000 Immortals
Elite Persian soldiers who protected the king.
Zoroaster / Zoroastrianism
The founder and the religion of the ancient Persians.
Ahura Mazda
The supreme god in Zoroastrianism.
Persian War (499-449 BC)
A series of conflicts between Persia and Greece.
Battle of Marathon
A major Greek victory against Persia in 490 BC.
Xerxes
The Persian king who led the second invasion of Greece.
Battle of Thermopylae
A famous battle where 300 Spartans fought against the Persian army.
Direct Democracy
A form of democracy where all citizens vote on laws and policies.
Representative Democracy
A form of democracy in which citizens elect officials to govern.
Pericles
An Athenian leader during the city's Golden Age.
Philosopher
A thinker who seeks wisdom and knowledge.
Delian League
An alliance of Greek city-states led by Athens.
Peloponnesian War (431-404 BC)
A war between Athens and Sparta that ended Athenian dominance.