Exam 3- Pomarico LSU BIOL 1002

pollination

what bees (and others) are involved in.

microspore

first haploid male structure in angiosperms

filament

this holds the anther

sepals

used to protect the flower prior the blooming

coevolution

action that describes the growth from seed

ovule

part of ovary down where the megaspore mother cell is located

tube cell

structure that is part of pollen and contains the generative cell

incomplete flower

flower that is missing a part

microspore mother cell

diploid cell that gives rise to microspores

petal

the part of the flower that attracts the pollinators

zygote

what forms when the gametes unite

style

long neck-like part of the carpel

pollen

male gametophyte in seed plants

ovary

bottom of the carpel where the egg is located

stigma

top of the carpel designed to catch pollen

anther

this structure holds the pollen in the flower

endosperm

this is the stored food in the seed

integuments

these are parts of the ovule that becomes the seed coat

seedcoat

outermost part of the seed

fruit

in angiosperms this is used to disperse the seeds

generative cell

structure that directly gives rise to the sperm

carpel

female part of the flower

seed

has to do with the fruit and the seed coat

egg

female gamete

sporophyte

part of the life cycle that is dominant in angiosperms (and others)

megaspore

first haploid female structure in angiosperms

stamen

male part of the flower

double fertilization

the reason that there are 2 sperm

flower

one of the structures that is unique to angiosperms

spores

in the general alternation of generations cycle the things that the sporophyte produces

Which of the following is the best explanation of alternation of generations?

the plant life cycle alternates between two distinct, multicellular reproductive stages- one diploid and one haploid- that gives rise to each other.

the multicellular diploid form of the flowering plants is called the

sporophyte

What is the purpose of the ovary and anther in the flower?

to produce gametophytes and, ultimately, gametes

How does the sperm travel from one plant to another to get to the egg in the gymnosperms and angiosperms?

within a pollen grain

Which of the following is a conspicuous feature that distinguishes the angiosperms from gymnosperms?

angiosperms produce flowers

Where does the pollinating insect find pollen

weakly attached to the anther

The megaspore mother cell produces 4 haploid megaspores through meiosis. What happens to them?

3 degenerate, and one survives

What happens to the pollen grain once it pollinates a flower?

a pollen tube grows down through the style of the carpel to the ovary

Which of the following statements explains double fertilization?

Both sperm in the pollen grain fuse with cells of the female gametophyte

seed and fruit development

what is endosperm?

via cotyledons, a source of food for the embryo

a diploid cell that develops into the embryo

little dot at end of flower pocket

fruits evolved primarily as structures specialized to

disperse seeds

As a seed matures, the embryo begins to differentiate into the shoot and root. Where does the developing embryo get it's food?

endosperm

ovary

the structure inside a flower that houses female reproductive cells (eggs), and where fertilization and early development take place.

pollen grains

are tiny male gametophytes that carry sperm-producing cells. They are dispersed by wind or airborne insects.

fruit

after fertilization, the ovary will develop into a __, which surrounds and protects a flowering plant's seeds.

germination

occurs when the embryonic plant within a seed grows, breaks out of the seed, and forms a seedling.

In the life cycle of most plants, a diploid _ generation produces haploid spores through meiotic cell division. The spores develop into a haploid _ generation which produces sperm and eggs by mitosis. These fuse and produce a diploid zygote, and the life cycle begins again.

sporophyte; gametophyte

After a monocot seed germinates, a coleoptile develops and surrounds the shoot tip. Dicots, in contrast, develop either a(n) _ on the stem below the cotyledons, or a(n) _ on the stem above the cotyledons.

hypocotyl; epicotyl

endosperm

is a triploid food storage tissue found within the seeds of flowering plants.

Which characteristic would benefit a flower that relies on light-flying moths for pollination?

The flower's petals are white so they are more visible at night.

Asexual reproduction is rare in plants. True or false?

False.

Ferns and mosses live mainly in _ environments

moist

An oak tree is a _

sporophyte

The female gametophyte of angiosperms is made up of 8 diploid cells and one haploid egg cell. True or False?

FALSE

The male reproductive structure, the stamen, consists of

a filament that bears an anther

Meiosis produces a _, which eventually gives rise to an egg in an unfertilized seed.

megaspore

Which of the following undergoes meiosis during the development of pollen grains?

Microspore mother cell

Processes that occur during angiosperm reproduction

- the tube cell produces the pollen tube

-the microspore mother cell undergoes meiosis to produce 4 haploid microspores

-the megaspore mother cell undergoes meiosis to produce 4 haploid megaspores.

-the generative cell forms two sperm cells via mitosis

In flowering plants, the unfertilized ovule contains the

female gametophyte

Endosperm has allowed the angiosperms to become the most numerous and diverse plant group. What is the role of the endosperm?

It provides nutrition for the developing embryo, therefore increasing survival rates.

a fruit is a mature

ovary

In north-central Florida, the cars, homes, streets, and ponds are covered with an impressive coating of bright yellow dust every spring. Upon closer, microscopic examination, the yellow "dust" turns out to be pollen grains. This area of Florida has pine trees, showy daytime-flowering plants, and often-unnoticed nighttime-flowering plants, with sweet-scented flowers, releasing pollen at the same time of year.

Based on this information, which group of plants do you think is responsible for the yellow pollen? Why?

The pines are responsible, because conifers are pollinated by wind and must produce enormous amounts of pollen in order to ensure that some of it reaches the female cones.

Bilaterally symmetrical animals have three tissue layers that arise during embryonic development: an inner layer of _ , and outer layer of _, and a layer of _ that lies in between.

endoderm; ectoderm; mesoderm

pseudocoelom

is a body cavity that is NOT completely surrounded by mesoderm-derived tissue

cephalization

is the concentration of sensory organs and nervous tissue in a defined head region of the body.

during their development, insects undergo _, a radical change from juvenile body form to an adult body form.

metamorphosis

in organisms with an open circulatory system, blood empties into the _ where is bathes the internal organs directly

hemocoel

coelom

is a fluid-filled cavity completely lined with a thin layer of tissue that develops from the mesoderm. It separates the body wall from the inner organs.

Assume you are observing an animal embryo and find a layer of mesoderm. Which of the following are you studying?

an animal in bilateral symmetry

Which of the following best describes a pseudocoelom?

a body cavity that is not completely surrounded by mesoderm-derived tissue

Which is the term used to describe the concentration of sensory organs and a brain in a defined head region?

cephalization

Animal cells lack a cell was. True or False?

true.

In the animal kingdom, cephalization is

concentration of sensory structures in the head.

one trend in the evolution of animals is the increase in the number of tissue (germ) layers during embryonic development. Flatworms and more complex animals have _ layers.

three

Most animal phyla are radically symmetrical. True or false?

False.

The skin and nervous tissues develop from which germ layer?

Ectoderm

All animals with tissues have

symmetrical bodies

sea stars (starfish) are bilaterally symmetrical at one time in their life cycle. True or false?

true.

The currents of water (containing food) that pass through a sponge are maintained by

collar cells

Sponges have

spicules

A cnidarian that builds a calcium carbonate skeleton is a(n)

coral

The animal most like the ancestral protist colonies that likely gave rise to all animals are

sponges.

Which of the following phyla contains animals that reproduce asexually?

cnidaria

In the various cnidarian species

some live as polyps, some as medusae, and some as both in different stages.

An arthropod exoskeleton is composed of

chitin

The leeches used by doctors to prevent blood clotting and stimulate the growth of blood vessels in patients recovering from reconstructive surgery are members of the phylum

annelida

Which of the following is present in all chordates?

a notochord

The notochord persists into adulthood in all chordates. True or False?

False

In all chordates, the notochord

appears at least during early stages of development

Which of the following features is absent in lancelets?

Backbone