Week 2 - Personality Data and Assessment

Personality Psychology relies on the same kinds of information that we rely on in our ________ ______

everyday lives

What are the four types of personality data?

Self report, informant, life outcome, behavioural

This type of data is usually done with questionnaires or surveys and has high face validity

S data

This type of data is when we ask other people what they think of the target person

informant data

Advantages of _ data include: large amount of information, access to psych triad, definitional truth, casual force, simple and easy

S

Disadvantages of _ data include: bias, error, too simple and easy

S

Advantages of _ Data include: large amount of information, real world basis, common sense, definitional truth, causal force

I

Disadvantages of _ Data include: limited behavioural info, lack of access to psych triad, error, bias

I

This type of data is obtained from archival records or self report

L

Advantages of _ data include: objective and verifiable, intrinsic importance, psychological relevance

L

Disadvantages of _ data include: multidetermination

L

This type of data can be obtained in the lab or naturally

B

This type of data is based on real life, using diary entries, cameras, etc.

natural B

Advantages of this type of data is that it is realistic

natural B

Disadvantages of this type of data is that is it difficult, and the desired context seldomly occur

natural B

This type of data is obtained in the lab through experiments that make a situation happen and record behaviour

Lab b

Advantages of this type of data include: range of contexts and appearance of objectivity (some subjectivity though)

lab b

Disadvantages of this type of data include: difficult and expensive, uncertain interpretation

Lab b

Many personality tests have ______ inventories meaning they measure a wide range of traits

omnibus

Most tests provide S data, but some have _ data, eg. “I shower or bath,” IQ tests, performance-based instruments

B

Ask examinees to interpret or make sense of ambiguous stimuli

projective test

When interpreting ambiguous stimuli, people project aspects of their personality

projective hypothesis

Why are projective tests controversial?

reliability and validity are in dispute

Name three projective tests

inkblot, TAT, draw a person

Disadvantages of _______ tests include: scarce validity evidence, expensive, time consuming, subjectivity, other tests work better

projective

What is the advantage of projective tests?

good for breaking the ice

In objective tests questions _____ ____ ______

seem more objective

Even in ______ tests, questions are not absolutely objective

objective

What are the three methods of constructing objective tests?

rational, factor analytic, empirical

_____ method of objective test construction: based on theory, provides S data, most common form of test construction, four conditions of validity

Rational

The ____ _____ ___ ______ include:

• items mean the same thing to test taker and creator

• capability for accurate self-assessment

• willingness to make accurate and undistorted report

• items must be valid indicators of what is being measured

four conditions for validity

_____ method of objective test construction: identify groups of data, used to decide how many fundamental traits there are.

Steps:

• generate list of objective items

• administer the test to large amount of people

• do stats

• consider the groups

factor analysis

_____ method of objective test construction: steps:

• gather lots of items

• have a sample of people who are already in groups

• administer the test

• compare answers of different groups

• cross-validation

Empirical

_____ method of objective test construction: generate items with all three methods

combination

What are the three main ethical considerations for personality data?

consent, privacy, and misuse