What is the difference between CIS and Satellite countries?
CIS was the old Soviet Union (15 countries including Russia).
Satellite countries were Independent Communist countries revolving around and faithful to the Soviet Union
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What is geography?
A study of both the natural and human world, a study of how and why things are places over the earth.
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What was the date the Soviet Union was destroyed?
December 25, 1991
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When did the Brinon Wall fall?
November 9, 1989 and Germany was united again
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Ways to use geography?
1. Education 2. Business 3. Religion
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Latitude
1. parallel to each other 2. lines are unequal length 3. North to South of the equator 4. Numbered from the equator to the poles with the equator numbered 0 degrees and the poles 90 degrees
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Longitude
1. NOT parallel 2. Lines are equal length 3. East to West of the Prime Meridian 4. Numbered 0 to 180 degrees
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Prime Meridian
1. 0 degrees longitude 2. Greenwich, England 3. Set by the scientific community
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Climate
temperature, precipitation, wind expressed for an extended period of years
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Frost-free period
the time of the last frost to the first frost (the growing season).
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Leeward
The protected or downward side of a mountain or continent- may receive less rain.
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Thomas Malthas
He was writing that population will set exceed food supply
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Subsistence Farming
large percentage of people engaged in this activity- small plots, crude tools, lack of fertilizers.
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What are the reasons for countries being undeveloped?
1. Colonialism 2. Mercantilism 3. Neo-Colonialism 4. Dependency Theory 5. Imperialist Theory 6. Environmental Determinism 7. Cultural Determinism 8. Religion Restriction 9. Corrupt Governments
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Colonialism
a system when certain powers maintained foreign possessions, usually for economic exploitation
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Mercantilism
the controlling nation also existed for the benefit of the mother country. They raised the raw products, sold them to the mother country for processing, and then bought the finished products.
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Neo-Colonialism
used since the 1950’s, multinational corporations invested capital into foreign countries, but also meddling in the internal affairs of these nations- Central and South America
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Dependency Theory
poor countries continue to depend upon other countries. Started by colonialism
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Imperialist Theory
countries keep other countries under control for economic reasons
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Environmental Determinism
a geographical theory that physical environment controls, directs, or influences what people do.
This was popular in the 1920’s through 1940’s
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Cultural Determinism
the society determines occupation, food, rules of behavior
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Religion Restriction
Religion becomes involved in political issues or sets the laws
Ex. Fundamental Islam
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Infrastructure
system of roads, water routes, urban tradition
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1517-95 Thesis
Martin Luther - Germany
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European Realm Geographic Factors
Located- Central part of the land hemisphere.
Water- Transportation- trade - climate
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Devolution
a part of a country wants more authority from central government
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Primate City
Largest in its country… #2 and #3 countries combined
Example: London, UK
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Pyrennes Mountains
A border between France and Spain. In Southwest Europe
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Main agricultural product in Germany?
Pork Product
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Size of Germany?
137,822 square miles
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Population of Germany?
81 million
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Climate of Germany?
50 to 70 degrees, plenty of moisture
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Ag products in Germany
Grains, dairy, live-stock, and potatoes
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World famous products from Germany
Beer and Wine
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Resources/Industry in Germany
1. Lots of coal 2. Oil 3. Mercendez-Benz 4. imports natural gas for heating
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What is the home of the U.N World Court?
The Hague
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Major problem in Belgium
Devolution
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What helped to produce the four official languages, and what was the four languages?
Isolation. German (2/3), French, Italian, and Romansch (similar to Latin)
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Industry in Switzerland
skilled labor
example: produces precision, machinery, chemicals, watches, and chocolate.
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Finlandization
Over 40 years has ended- S.U. guaranteed security to Finland but dictated Finnish foreign and defense policies- also major trading partner.
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When did the soviets invade Finland?
1939
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Physical Regions of Switzerland
The country is about 70% mountains (landlocked)
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Agriculture in Switzerland
Limited-Dairy- They import food- farms average about 8 acres in size
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Socialistic
Medical and schooling
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Fiords
\- deep sided valleys cut into mainland (dug and cut by glaciers, now flooded by the sea).
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Biggest problem today in Greece
Economic and huge debt
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Italy size
116,324 square miles
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population of Italy
61 million
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Northern Italy
progressive and industry is strong
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Southern Italy
rural and poor
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Agriculture in Italy
Main area Po Basin
North- wheat, corn, grapes, WINE
South- underdeveloped- figs, olives, herding
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Resources/Industry in Italy
Few resources
Industry- Core area is Lombardy (Milan, Turin, Genoa)
One of the most developed and fastest growing industrial centers in Europe.
Cars and shipbuilding
Milan best example of diversified industry- small factories