Edwards Geography Test 1 SBU

If you're stressed like me, use these

shatterbelt

turmoil and changing boundaries

What is the difference between CIS and Satellite countries?

CIS was the old Soviet Union (15 countries including Russia).

Satellite countries were Independent Communist countries revolving around and faithful to the Soviet Union

What is geography?

A study of both the natural and human world, a study of how and why things are places over the earth.

What was the date the Soviet Union was destroyed?

December 25, 1991

When did the Brinon Wall fall?

November 9, 1989 and Germany was united again

Ways to use geography?

1. Education
2. Business
3. Religion

Latitude

1. parallel to each other
2. lines are unequal length
3. North to South of the equator
4. Numbered from the equator to the poles with the equator numbered 0 degrees and the poles 90 degrees

Longitude

1. NOT parallel
2. Lines are equal length
3. East to West of the Prime Meridian
4. Numbered 0 to 180 degrees

Prime Meridian

1. 0 degrees longitude
2. Greenwich, England
3. Set by the scientific community

Climate

temperature, precipitation, wind expressed for an extended period of years

Frost-free period

the time of the last frost to the first frost (the growing season).

Leeward

The protected or downward side of a mountain or continent- may receive less rain.

Thomas Malthas

He was writing that population will set exceed food supply

Subsistence Farming

large percentage of people engaged in this activity- small plots, crude tools, lack of fertilizers.

What are the reasons for countries being undeveloped?

1. Colonialism
2. Mercantilism
3. Neo-Colonialism
4. Dependency Theory
5. Imperialist Theory
6. Environmental Determinism
7. Cultural Determinism
8. Religion Restriction
9. Corrupt Governments

Colonialism

a system when certain powers maintained foreign possessions, usually for economic exploitation

Mercantilism

the controlling nation also existed for the benefit of the mother country. They raised the raw products, sold them to the mother country for processing, and then bought the finished products.

Neo-Colonialism

used since the 1950’s, multinational corporations invested capital into foreign countries, but also meddling in the internal affairs of these nations- Central and South America

Dependency Theory

poor countries continue to depend upon other countries. Started by colonialism

Imperialist Theory

countries keep other countries under control for economic reasons

Environmental Determinism

a geographical theory that physical environment controls, directs, or influences what people do.

This was popular in the 1920’s through 1940’s

Cultural Determinism

the society determines occupation, food, rules of behavior

Religion Restriction

Religion becomes involved in political issues or sets the laws

Ex. Fundamental Islam

Infrastructure

system of roads, water routes, urban tradition

1517-95 Thesis

Martin Luther - Germany

European Realm Geographic Factors

Located- Central part of the land hemisphere.

Water- Transportation- trade - climate

Devolution

a part of a country wants more authority from central government

Primate City

Largest in its country… #2 and #3 countries combined

Example: London, UK

Pyrennes Mountains

A border between France and Spain. In Southwest Europe

Main agricultural product in Germany?

Pork Product

Size of Germany?

137,822 square miles

Population of Germany?

81 million

Climate of Germany?

50 to 70 degrees, plenty of moisture

Ag products in Germany

Grains, dairy, live-stock, and potatoes

World famous products from Germany

Beer and Wine

Resources/Industry in Germany

1. Lots of coal
2. Oil
3. Mercendez-Benz
4. imports natural gas for heating

What is the home of the U.N World Court?

The Hague

Major problem in Belgium

Devolution

What helped to produce the four official languages, and what was the four languages?

Isolation. German (2/3), French, Italian, and Romansch (similar to Latin)

Industry in Switzerland

skilled labor

example: produces precision, machinery, chemicals, watches, and chocolate.

Finlandization

Over 40 years has ended- S.U. guaranteed security to Finland but dictated Finnish foreign and defense policies- also major trading partner.

When did the soviets invade Finland?

1939

Physical Regions of Switzerland

The country is about 70% mountains (landlocked)

Agriculture in Switzerland

Limited-Dairy- They import food- farms average about 8 acres in size

Socialistic

Medical and schooling

Fiords

\- deep sided valleys cut into mainland (dug and cut by glaciers, now flooded by the sea).

Biggest problem today in Greece

Economic and huge debt

Italy size

116,324 square miles

population of Italy

61 million

Northern Italy

progressive and industry is strong

Southern Italy

rural and poor

Agriculture in Italy

Main area Po Basin

North- wheat, corn, grapes, WINE

South- underdeveloped- figs, olives, herding

Resources/Industry in Italy

Few resources

Industry- Core area is Lombardy (Milan, Turin, Genoa)

One of the most developed and fastest growing industrial centers in Europe.

Cars and shipbuilding

Milan best example of diversified industry- small factories