Ancient rome final

Where is the Italian Peninsula located?Why?

located in a strategic position in the center of the Mediterranean Sea

What was Italy's advantage unlike Greece in terms of government rule?

their geography allowed its people to unite

Where is the Italian Peninsula located?Why?

located in a strategic position in the center of the Mediterranean Sea

What was Italy's advantage unlike Greece in terms of government rule?

their geography allowed its people to unite

under one government

How did Ancient Rome start?

begin as a group of villages along the Tiber River in what is now Italy.

When did the group of villages along the Tiber River united to form the city of Rome?

Around 750 B.C.

Rome was settled by who? Why?

by the Etruscans

who had moved to the Italian peninsula

from Asia Minor

What elements did the Etruscans they brought with them?

elements of Greek culture

including mythology and architecure

What was Ancient Rome's religion?

polytheistic

What was Rome's first government?

monarchy

For over 200 years, who ruled Rome?

Kings

What happened in 509 B.C.

The Romans overthrew the Etruscans and

established a republic

What was the Roman Senate?

an elected council of wealthy and powerful Romans that advised the city's leaders

Who were most of the people elected to the Senate?

patricians

What did the Patricians do?

controlled the law

since they were

the only citizens

allowed to be

judges.

Who were te Plebeians and what happened with them?

had the

right to vote, but

could not hold

public office until

287 B.C, when

they gained

equality with

patricians

What were the Twelve Tables

Rome's first written laws

What did Rome's military accomplished?

Under the

leadership of

ambitious

generals, soldiers took over

most of the land

surrounding the

Mediterranean.

What did the ancient Romans call the Mediterranean?

Mare Nostrum (our sea)

What were the Punic Wars?

Series of three major conflicts

fought between the ancient

powers of Rome and Carthage.

Spanning over a century from 264

BCE to 146 BCE,.

The wars were fought over control

of territories in the Mediterranean,

and involved numerous battles,

sieges, and military strategies

1st Punic War

Battle for Sicily; takes place on sea; Rome wins. (264-241 BCE)

2nd Punic War

Rome challenged Carthaginian expansion in Iberia (Spain); Rome won; (218-201 BCE)

3rd Punic War

Rome feared Carthage was again becoming a threat

Rome attacked Carthage and obliterated the threat for good. (249-146 BCE)

How many years did Carthage and Rome fought over control of Sicily in the 1st Punic Wars?

23 years

What was Rome and Carthage' strengths in the 1st Punic War?

Roman strength - army

Carthaginian strength - navy

What did Rome do to win the 1st Punic War?

Built four fleets, each destroyed in turn,

before mastering naval warfare

Who created the grappling hook?

Rome

What did General Hannibal do in the 2nd Punic War?

Led 60,000 men and dozens of elephants through Spain, along the

Mediterranean coast, through Gaul, and across the Alps to Italy

What happened in Battle of Cannae (216 BCE)?

Romans lost over 50,000 soldiers but Hannibal still did not capture the city of Rome

What did General Scipio do?

Led an army against Carthaginian Iberia (Spain)

Then led an army against Carthage itself

Then returned to Italy to defend the city of R

What were the results of the Punic Wars?

-Rome and Carthage

were "superpowers" of

the Mediterranean at

the time.

-Roman control of

Macedonia

-Rome went on to

conquer the remnants

of Alexander the

Great's empire in

Eurasia

What were conquered areas in Rome identified/

provinces

Each province was governed by who?

a Roman proconsul

The proconsuls were typically a member from which class?

the patrician

What was the defect of these proconsuls?

More often than not these were corrupt

What were publicans' role?

Tax collecting and squeeze as much money out of conquered people as they could.

Where did Rome get their wheat from?

Africa and Sicily

Where did Rome get their silver and tin from?

Spain

Where did Rome get their gems and luxury goods?

East

What happened with whoever controlled the government in terms of the money?

They could use this money for its own needs

Who from Gaul managed to take control of many nearby territories of Rome?

Julius Caesar

What did the Roman Senate ordered Julius Caesar to o?

Ordered him to resign but he had other ideas.

What did Caesar do?

Fought for control and won, becoming the dictator of the roman world, ending the Roman Republic.

What happened in less than a year after Julius Caesar gained power?

a group of

angered Senators stabbed Caesar to death on

the floor of the Roman Senate. (March 15, 44 B.C.)

What caused a civil war that lasted several years in Rome?

The death of Julius Caesar

What happened in 27 B.C.?

Octavian (Caesar's adopted son and renamed Caesar Augustus) becomes first Roman Emperor.

empire

A group of states or territories controlled by one ruler

How much did Augustus' rule lasted?

more than 40 years and also known as the Augustan Age

What happened during the rule of Augustus?

the Roman empire

continued to expand

What did Augustus do to keep peace in the Roman world?

He kept soldiers along all the borders

What did architects and engineers do in the Augustan Age?

They built many new public buildings

What happened during the Augustan Age in terms of economy?

During this time trade increased

with olive oil, wine, pottery,