Chikungunya, VIH, COVID-19, Zika, Dengue, Hepatitis

These flashcards cover key concepts and vocabulary related to chikungunya, HIV, COVID-19, Zika, dengue, and hepatitis for exam preparation.

Chikungunya

A viral disease transmitted to humans primarily through the bite of infected Aedes mosquitoes.

Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus

The mosquito species capable of transmitting the chikungunya virus.

Chikungunya meaning

The word 'chikungunya' means 'bent or contorted' due to the severe joint pain it causes.

Transmission of chikungunya

Chikungunya is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected mosquitoes.

Symptoms of chikungunya

Fever and severe joint pain are the most characteristic symptoms.

Duration of chikungunya symptoms

In most cases, symptoms typically last about a week.

Complication post-recovery from chikungunya

Some people may develop joint pain that lasts for months after recovery.

Treatment for chikungunya

There is no specific antiviral treatment; supportive care is provided.

Prevention of chikungunya

Preventing mosquito bites is the best way to avoid chikungunya.

Vaccination for chikungunya

Currently, there is no vaccine available to prevent chikungunya.

HIV target cell

CD4+ T lymphocytes are the primary target cells of HIV in the immune system.

HIV replication enzyme

Reverse transcriptase is fundamental for HIV replication as it converts viral RNA into DNA.

Antibodies to HIV

HIV primarily uses the CD4 receptor and co-receptors like CCR5 and CXCR4 for cell entry.

HIV diagnostic test

The ELISA test is the first line of testing for HIV.

Symptoms of COVID-19

Common symptoms include fever, cough, and difficulty breathing.

COVID-19 transmission method

The primary mode of transmission is respiratory droplets expelled when an infected person coughs or sneezes.

COVID-19 incubation period

The average incubation period for COVID-19 is between 2 to 14 days.

Zika transmission vector

Zika is mainly transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes.

Symptoms of Zika

Common symptoms include mild fever, rash, joint pain, and conjunctivitis.

Microcephaly and Zika

Microcephaly is a serious complication associated with Zika infections during pregnancy.

Dengue transmission vector

Dengue virus is primarily transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes.

Dengue symptoms

Symptoms of dengue can include high fever, severe headache, pain behind the eyes, joint and muscle pain.

Hepatitis transmission method

Hepatitis A is primarily transmitted through the fecal-oral route.

Hepatitis symptoms

Common symptoms of hepatitis include jaundice, fatigue, abdominal pain, and loss of appetite.

VHD (Hepatitis D) dependency

Hepatitis D virus (HDV) requires the presence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) for its replication.

Zika prevention measures

Eliminating standing water and using repellents are effective in controlling mosquito populations.