ADDITIONAL

design maneuvering speed.

VA means

Design Maneuvering Speed

______ is the speed beyond which it may be unsafe to apply full deflection of the flight controls. Doing so may result in structural damage, up to and including having the wings or other important parts depart the aircraft. Obviously, this would be less than ideal.

manufacturer based on the maximum gross weight of the aircraft

It’s also important to understand that Va is defined by the ____.

VB

means design speed for maximum gust intensity.

VC

___ means design cruising speed.

VD

means design diving speed.

VDF/MDF

means demonstrated flight diving speed.

VEF

means the speed at which the critical engine is assumed to fail during takeoff.

VF

means design flap speed.

VFC/MFC

means maximum speed for stability characteristics.

VFE

means maximum flap extended speed.

VFTO

means final takeoff speed.

VH

means maximum speed in level flight with maximum continuous power.

VLE

means maximum landing gear extended speed.

VLO

means maximum landing gear operating speed.

VLOF

means lift-off speed.

Lift-off Speed (VLOF)

_____ is the airspeed at which the aeroplane first becomes airborne.

VMC

___ means minimum control speed with the critical engine inoperative.

VMO/MMO

_____ means maximum operating limit speed.

VMU

____ means minimum unstick speed.

pitching the aircraft up to the maximum (tail on the runway, for aircraft that are are geometrically-limited) during the takeoff roll (Refer to Figure 2 below). The speed at which the aircraft first lifts off is VMU. Therefore, lift-off is not possible prior to VMU

VMU is achieved by ___.

at and above which the airplane can safely lift off the ground and continue the takeoff.

VMU is the calibrated airspeed __.

VNE

____ means never-exceed speed. = 0.9Vd

VNO

____ means maximum structural cruising speed.

VR

____ means rotation speed.

Vra

____, which is defined as the “rough air” speed, or the “turbulence penetration speed”. / Prevent overstressing the aircraft

VREF

___ means reference landing speed.

VS

____ means the stalling speed or the minimum steady flight speed at which the airplane is controllable.

VS0

____ means the stalling speed or the minimum steady flight speed in the landing configuration.

VS1

____ means the stalling speed or the minimum steady flight speed obtained in a specific configuration.

VSR

____ means reference stall speed.

VSRO

____ means reference stall speed in the landing configuration.

VSR1

___ means reference stall speed in a specific configuration.

VSW

____ means speed at which onset of natural or artificial stall warning occurs.

Vsse

____ – Minimum Single-Engine Speed

This is the speed for multi-engine aircraft at which, as defined by the manufacturer, it’s safe to intentionally operate on only one engine.

VTOSS

___ means takeoff safety speed for Category A rotorcraft.

VX

___ means speed for best angle of climb.

VY

____ means speed for best rate of climb.

V1

_____ means the maximum speed in the takeoff at which the pilot must take the first action (e.g., apply brakes, reduce thrust, deploy speed brakes) to stop the airplane within the accelerate-stop distance. ____ also means the minimum speed in the takeoff, following a failure of the critical engine at VEF, at which the pilot can continue the takeoff and achieve the required height above the takeoff surface within the takeoff distance.

critical engine failure speed

A more descriptive name for V1 is the _____. If an engine fails before V1 is achieved, the take-off must be stopped. If an engine fails after V1 is reached, the take-off can still be achieved

V2

___ means takeoff safety speed.

V2min

____ means minimum takeoff safety speed.