APUSH Unit 7A– Imperialism, WWI, and the Roaring 20s

Jones Act (1916)

Granted U.S. citizenship to Puerto Ricans and promised eventual independence to the Philippines.

McKinley Tariff (1890)

Raised tariffs to protect American industries; hurt farmers and increased foreign tensions.

Teller Amendment (1898)

Declared that the U.S. would not annex Cuba after the Spanish-American War.

Zimmermann Note (1917)

Secret German proposal to Mexico encouraging alliance against the U.S. and to attack them; helped lead America into WWI.

Foraker Act (1900)

Established a civilian government in Puerto Rico under U.S. control.

Fourteen Points (1918)

Woodrow Wilson's peace plan promoting self-determination, free trade, and a League of Nations.

Roosevelt Corollary (1904)

Extension of the Monroe Doctrine stating the U.S. could intervene in Latin America to maintain order.

Rough Riders

Volunteer cavalry unit led by Theodore Roosevelt in the Spanish-American War; fought at San Juan Hill.

Alfred Thayer Mahan

Naval strategist who argued that strong sea power was essential for national greatness.

Emilio Aguinaldo

Filipino nationalist leader who fought Spain and later the U.S. for Philippine independence.

Platt Amendment (1901)

Limited Cuba's independence by allowing U.S. intervention and a naval base at Guantanamo Bay.

George Creel

Head of the Committee on Public Information; led U.S. propaganda efforts during WWI.

Espionage Act (1917)

Law that punished interference with the draft or criticism of the war effort; restricted free speech.

Nineteenth Amendment (1920)

Granted women the right to vote.

Treaty of Versailles (1919)

Peace treaty ending WWI that punished Germany and reshaped Europe.

League of Nations

International organization created to promote peace after WWI; the U.S. did not join.

Red Scare (1919-1920)

Period of fear over communism and radical political movements in the United States.

Sacco and Vanzetti

Italian immigrants controversially executed amid anti-immigrant and anti-radical hysteria.

John T. Scopes

Tennessee teacher tried in 1925 for teaching evolution in violation of state law.

Immigration Act of 1924

Set strict immigration quotas favoring Northern Europeans and limiting others, especially Asians.

Eighteenth Amendment (1919)

Established Prohibition by banning the manufacture and sale of alcohol.

Lost Generation

Group of writers disillusioned by WWI who criticized modern American society.

Harlem Renaissance

1920s African American cultural movement centered in Harlem celebrating art, literature, and music.

Margaret Sanger

Birth control activist who founded organizations that later became Planned Parenthood.

Nine-Power Treaty (1922)

Agreement among nations to respect China's sovereignty and uphold the Open Door Policy.

Kellogg-Briand Pact (1928)

International agreement that renounced war as a tool of foreign policy.

Teapot Dome Scandal

Corruption scandal involving secret leasing of federal oil reserves for bribes.

Dawes Plan (1924)

U.S. plan providing loans to Germany to help it pay WWI reparations.

Hoovervilles

Shantytowns built by homeless Americans during the Great Depression.

Bonus Army (1932)

WWI veterans who marched on Washington demanding early bonus payments; removed by the army.

Alfred E. Smith

Democratic presidential candidate in 1928; first Catholic major-party nominee; opposed Prohibition.

Black Tuesday (October 29, 1929)

Major stock market crash that marked the beginning of the Great Depression.