brain and behavior exam 3

What is the usual sleep pattern for people with depression?

 Early onset of REM and early awakening

What type of depression shows the highest heritability?

 Early-onset depression

How do SSRIs differ from tricyclic antidepressants?

 SSRIs act on just one neurotransmitter.

What do MAOIs do?

 They decrease the breakdown of several neurotransmitters.

What is the disadvantage of using St. John’s wort as an antidepressant?

 It decreases the effectiveness of other drugs.

When someone begins taking an SSRI or a tricyclic antidepressant, how soon are behavioral benefits likely to emerge?

weeks later

Besides increasing neurotransmitter levels, what do typical antidepressant drugs have in common?

 They facilitate neurotrophins.

How does the effectiveness of psychotherapy for depression compare to that of antidepressant drugs?

They are about equally effective, and they have similar effects on the brain.

What is the recommended treatment for seasonal affective disorder?

 Very bright lights every morning

Which of these is a “positive” symptom of schizophrenia?

Delusions

The main evidence for heritability of schizophrenia comes from what type of research?

 Comparisons of twins

According to the two-hit hypothesis, what causes schizophrenia?

 A genetic predisposition plus an environmental impact

Which of these is a likely explanation for the season-of-birth effect?

 Viral epidemics are common in the fall.

Most people with schizophrenia have behavioral anomalies similar to those of people with damage to which brain area?

 Prefrontal cortex

Which of the following observations supports the dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia?

 Abuse of amphetamine or similar drugs can cause hallucinations and delusions.

Which of these is a common side effect of first-generation antipsychotic drugs?

 Tardive dyskinesia

Antipsychotic drugs are most effective at relieving which symptoms of schizophrenia?

the positive symptoms

According to the glutamate hypothesis, what is the chemical origin of schizophrenia?

 Reduced activity at NMDA receptors in the hippocampus