Exam #1 - Health promotion of all pediatric ages

Infants psychosocial stage (Erikson)

Trust vs mistrust

What builds trust in infants

Basic needs met (food, held, clean, comfort)

Toddlers psychosocial stage (Erikson)

Autonomy vs shame and doubt

How toddlers develop autonomy

Independence and basic choices (tantrums, toilet training)

Preschool psychosocial stage (Erikson)

Initiative vs guilt

How to support preschool development

Exploration, play, creativity

School-age psychosocial stage (Erikson)

Industry vs inferiority

How school-age children develop industry

Learning skills (school, sports, arts, chores) and pride in accomplishment

Adolescent psychosocial stage (Erikson)

Identity vs role confusion

Main task of adolescence (Erikson)

Developing sense of self and identity

Piaget stage 0-2 years

Sensorimotor

Key feature of sensorimotor stage

Learning through senses and movement; object permanence

Piaget stage 2-7 years

Preoperational

Key features of preoperational stage

Magical thinking, animism, intuitive thinking, use of words, not logical

Piaget stage 7-11 years

Concrete operations

Key feature of concrete operations

Logical thinking and conservation

Piaget stage 11-18 years

Formal operations

Key feature of formal operations

Abstract thinking and logical problem solving

Kohlberg stage 0-6 years

Preconventional

Moral focus in preconventional stage

Punishment and rewards

Ages 0-3 moral reasoning

Avoid punishment

Ages 3-6 moral reasoning

Satisfy needs and gain rewards

Kohlberg stage 6-12 years

Conventional

Moral focus in conventional stage

Respect for rules and authority; approval seeking

Kohlberg stage 12-18 years

Postconventional

Moral focus in postconventional stage

Individual rights and inner conscience

Fowler stage 0 (0-2 yrs)

Undifferentiated faith

Meaning of undifferentiated faith

No understanding or personal beliefs

Fowler stage 1 (2-7 yrs)

Intuitive-projective

Faith development in stage 1

Imitates parents' beliefs and values

Fowler stage 2 (7-11 yrs)

Mythical-literal

Faith development in stage 2

Takes religious stories literally; develops conscience

Fowler stage 3 (11-18+ yrs)

Synthetic-conventional

Faith development in stage 3

Recognizes other faiths; questions parents' beliefs

Purpose of play

Expression of feelings, mastery of development, problem-solving, social learning, stress protection

Skills developed through play

Intellectual, sensorimotor, social, self-awareness, creativity, therapeutic, moral

Solitary play

Infant; plays alone, adult initiates interaction

Parallel play

Toddler; plays next to others with similar toys

Associative play

Preschool; plays together without roles or organization

Cooperative play

School-age and older; organized play with roles and group goals

Onlooker play

Watching others play (all ages)

Leading cause of death in infants

Congenital anomalies

Leading cause of death in toddlers

Accidents

Leading cause of death in preschoolers

Accidents

Leading cause of death in school-age children

Accidents

Leading causes of death in adolescents

Accidents, homicide, suicide