CH 9: Motivating, Satisfying, and Leading Employees

Organizational citizenship

behaviour of individuals who make a positive contribution to the organization above and beyond strict job performance.

Performance behaviour

The total set of work-related behaviours that the organization expects employees to display.

turnover

Counterproductive behaviours includ absenteeism and _______

openness

five fundamental traits that are especially relevant to organizations: agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability, extraversion and ________

Emotional Intelligence

includes: Social Skills, Self Awareness, Self Regulation, Motivation, Empathy

Attitudes

reflection of our beliefs and feelings about ideas, situations, and other people

Job Satisfaction

extent to which people have positive attitudes toward their jobs

Organizational Commitment

reflects an individual's identification with the organization and its mission

Psychological Contract

expectations held by employees concerning their contribution to an organization and what the organization will provide in return

charm

Sean also refers to agreeableness as _________

Reinforcement

applying (or withholding) positive (or negative) consequences in order to motivate employees

positive reinforcement

Increasing behaviors by presenting positive stimuli, such as food. A positive reinforcer is any stimulus that, when presented after a response, strengthens the response.

Punishment

an event that decreases the behavior that it follows

Omission

a behavioral training method where a reward is given for the absence of an unwanted behavior during a specific time period

negative reinforcement

Increasing behaviors by stopping or reducing negative stimuli, such as shock. A negative reinforcer is any stimulus that, when removed after a response, strengthens the response. (Note: negative reinforcement is not punishment.)

SMART Goals

Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Realistic, Timely

performance

Research has shown that goals that are specific, measurable, and moderately difficult to achieve result in high ______ for employees

Management by Objectives

system of collaborative goal setting that extends from the top to the bottom of the firm

learn

with mgmt by objectives: employees ______ more about company-wide objectives

team

with mgmt by objectives: feel as though they are part of a _______

company

with mgmt by objectives: see how they can improve ______ performance by achieving their own goals

Participative Management and Empowerment

employees are more satisfied if they have a say in how they do their jobs and how the company is managed

circles

Participative Management and Empowerment includes wikis and quality _____.

quality circle

a team of employees who meet on company time to solve problems of product quality

committed

with Participative Management and Empowerment, employees feel more ___ to goals (but not always desired by employees)

Team Management

individual employees are given decision-making responsibility for certain narrow activities

Problem Solving Teams

groups of 5 to 12 employees from the same department who meet for a few hours each week to discuss ways of improving quality, efficiency, and the work environment

Transnational Teams

work groups composed of multinational members whose activities span multiple countries

Self-Managed Teams

groups of workers who are given administrative oversight for their task domains

Project Teams (Venture)

Teams formed for a specific project with a defined goal and timeline.

Virtual Teams

teams that use computer technology to tie together physically dispersed members in order to achieve a common goal

Job Enrichment

expanding or adding one or more motivating factors to a job

satisfaction

job enrichment increases job __________

Job Redesign

increases job satisfaction by improving the employee-job fit

combining

job redesign can include ____ tasks, creating natural work groups, and establishing client relationships

growth

job redesign is useful for individuals with strong need for _____ or achievement

Modified Work Schedules

allow individuals to fulfill work commitments more effectively around personal or community obligations

compressed

modified work schedules include: flextime, _______ workweek, Telecommuting, and workshare programs

Flextime

adjusts the standard daily work schedule to fit employees' needs (all are still available during the core time)

Compressed Workweek

employees work less days but complete the same amount of hours

Telecommuting

employees do all or some work away from the office

interruptions

employee advantages of telecommuting: health benefits, lower costs, better use of time (no commuting or _______)

derailment

employee disadvantages of telecommuting: feeling "out of the loop", work intrudes at home, feeling ill suited for telework, hard to work with colleagues, fear of career __________

productivity

organization advantages of telecommuting: ________, cost savings, lower bills, access to qualified staff who otherwise couldn't work on site, lower travel expenses, less turnover

see

organization disadvantages of telecommuting: mgmt needs to change, can't _____ employees to manage, may not fit organization if colleagues need to work together or have clients in person

Leadership

the process of motivating others to meet goals

Trait Approach

identifies traits that would distinguish leaders from non- leaders

Behavioural Approach

determines how the behaviours of successful leaders differ from those of unsuccessful leaders

Autocratic

absolute in power or authority

democratic

a style in which the nominal leader invites the group's participation in decision making

Free-Rein

many managers use one style but some may use a combination of styles depending on the situation

situation

Leaders behave differently in different situations based on characteristics of the leader, subordinates, and _______

Transactional Leadership

emphasizes routine, regimented activities that focus on maintaining stability or the status quo

Transformational Leadership

the ability of the leader to recognize the need for change; create a vision to make that change happen

Charismatic Leadership

possess a high level of confidence, possess a strong need to influence others, communicate high expectations of subordinates, generally more successful at influencing subordinates

enables

charismatic leaders envision, energize and _________

envisioning

articulating a compelling vision, setting high expectations, modelling consistent behaviours

energizing

Demonstrating personal excitement, expressing personal confidence, seeking, finding, and using success

enabling

expressing personal support, empathizing, expressing confidence in people

Leaders as Coaches

help select team members and other new employees, provide some general direction, help train and develop the team, and help the team get information and resources

women

______ tend to be more democratic when making decisions

styles

new leaders are coming from diverse background and these new leaders may have different leadership _______

Strategic Leadership

able to see the whole picture and envision necessary changes

Ethical Leadership

follows high standards of ethical leadership

Virtual Leadership

involves communication electronically rather than face to face