HN World History Lap 2 Quiz Study Guide

How did the Renaissance help begin the Reformation?

• humanism: study of art + learning (increased literacy)

• Christian humanists criticized abuses

Several problems of the Church during the Middle Ages

• worldly

• secular

• immoral

• poorly educated

Who/ what group criticized problems in the Church for decades (1400s+)?

Luther + Protestants

Why did Luther write the 95 Theses (posted/ what he criticized + why)?

1517- 95 Theses

• to debate indulgences

• argued that salvation was earned through faith alone

What other Church teachings did Luther question and what was the pope’s response?

Luther questioned the clergy’s authority

• Pope excommunicated Luther

Why did Luther’s ideas spread more easily than others before him (tech)?

printing press

What was the goal of the Council of Trent and what was decided about faith + the Bible?

The Council of Trent- aimed to fix Church problems + stop the spread of Protestantism

• Faith + works = salvation

• Bible + Church have authority

Four Church actions to stop Protestantism and make reforms

Inquisition: a court to try + punish heresy

Index: list of books dangerous to the faith

Reform: seminaries to train priests

Jesuits: to educate + re-convert

Common actions of early Jesuits

Established Jesuits to educate and re-convert

What happened in the HRE and France because rulers opposed the Ref?

• Civil wars in HRE + France

• 1572: St. Bartholomew’s Massacre

• 1521-1547: HRE fought France + Ottomans

Reasons why Henry VIII fought with the pope

He had no heir and wants a divorce but Pope says no

What happened in England after Henry VIII broke from the Church?

• Act of Supremacy- reduced the influence of the Church

• seized Church (land + property)

• closed monostaries

What happened to the six wives of Henry VIII?

Why did the Reformation lead to political conflict between nations (Sp/Eng)?

Indulgences

a pardon releasing a person from punishment due for a sin

Predestination

Calvin’s belief that God already knows who will be saved

St. Bart’s Day Massacre

massacre of hundreds of French Protestants; violent division

Edict of Nantes

allowed religious freedom in France, ended years of civil war

Inquisition

court to try and punish heresy

Index

list of books to prevent Catholics from reading books that promoted Protestantism (dangerous to the faith)

Act of Supremacy

Made the king the head of the Church of England

Relate the terms Reformation and Protestant

The Reformation was a movement for religious reform, which led to the founding of Protestants who did not accept the pope’s authority. Protestants were not Roman Catholic or Eastern Orthodox.

Contrast Luther and Calvin’s ideas on salvation

Luther: believed that salvation was achieved through faith alone.

Calvin: believed that salvation was predestined

Relate the spread of the Reformation and the disunity of Europe in the 1500s+

Criticisms of the Church continued, and new religious ideas developed. Increased religious division and challenges to Church authority. Different religious groups disagree about salvation, etc.

Cause and Effect:  What were several (pol+ rel) effects of the Reformation?

• increased religious division and challenges to Church authority

• increased conflict (problems between nations)

• weakened the power of the Church

Effects:  results of the Spanish Armada’s planned invasion of England