6th grade Heritage Studies ch 4

Abraham

He was named Abram, and God gave him many promises

Abrahamic Covenant

God's covenant to Abraham, in which he promised Abraham descendants, a land for his descendants, and a Messiah who would come through his seed.

covenant

A binding agreement

Israel

The nation God made from the descendants of Jacob

Joseph

Jacob's favorite among his twelve sons. His envious brothers sold him as a slave, but Joseph rose to become prime minister of Egypt, where he was ultimately able to save his family from starvation.

What did the new pharaoh of Egypt do to the Israelites?

He enslaved them because he was concerned about the growth of the Israelites, and commanded that all the male babies be killed

passover

The night the Lord passed over the houses of the Israelites marked by the blood of the lamb, and spared the firstborn sons from death. It is also the feast that celebrates the deliverance of the Chosen People from bondage in Egypt and the Exodus from Egypt to the Promised Land.

Exodus

A mass departure, which was the Israelites' leaving Egypt in 1446 BC

Ten plagues of Egypt

1. Nile to blood

2. Frogs from the Nile

3. Dust to gnats

4. Flies

5. Egyptian livestock die

6. Boils

7. Hail

8. Locust

9. Darkness

10. Death of Firstborn

Mosaic Covenant

The agreement between God and the Israelites was given to Moses on Mount Sinai. God agreed to make the Israelites God's special people, and the people agreed to make God their only god and to obey God's other laws.

Ten commandments

A set of laws for responsible behavior, which, according to the Bible, were given to Moses by God.

tabernacle

A portable tent where the Israelites worshiped the LORD, while in the wilderness

monthesism

Belief in one God

Yahweh

Hebrew name for the one true God

Jersusalem

The religious and political center of the life of the Jewish people, the capital of Israel

atonement

Amends, reparation, or expiation made for wrong or injury; restoration of the broken relationship between God and people.

Promise Land

The land (Canaan) that God promised to the children of Abraham

Jordan River

a river that serves as a natural boundary between Israel and Jordan, flowing from the mountains of Lebanon with no outlet to the Mediterranean Sea; God parted the Jordan River

Samuel

The last of the Judges, and the man chosen by God to anoint Saul and David as kings for Israel.

Saul

About 1020 BC, God told Samuel to anoint him as Israel's king; he refused to obey God

David

The second king of Israel, because Saul disobeyed God

Davidic Covenant

God's promises to David

Babylonian Captivity

A 50-year period in which the Israelites were exiled from Judah and held in Babylon

New Covenant

The new "dispensation," or order, established by God in Jesus Christ to succeed and perfect the Old Covenant; God's promise of forgiveness of sin and restored fellowship

Disaspora

the spreading out of the Jewish people beyond their historic homeland

assimilate

To absorb into another culture

Samaritans

Descendants of a mixed population of Israelites who survived the Assyrian deportations and various pagan settlers imported after the northern kingdom fell.

Esther

The Queen of Persia, who helped the Jews

Septuagint

Greek translation of the Old Testament

Gentiles

The name given to Greeks and other people who are not Jews

Antiochus IV

The Seleucid king who tried to force Hellenism, including Greek religion, on his Jewish subjects.

Torah

The first five books of Jewish Scripture, which they believe are by Moses, are called this

Judas Maccabeus

Led a Jewish family in revolting against the Greek Empire, resulting in the Jews taking back control of the Temple for some time; Mattathias's son Judah

Hanukkah

An eight-day Jewish holiday commemorating the rededication of the Temple of Jerusalem in 165 BC

Roman Republic

By 200 BC, the republic was the dominant power of the Italian peninsula and the western Mediterranean, ruled by Julius Caesar

Messiah

The Old Testament name for the promised Redeemer, Jesus Christ

Jesus

A Jew from Galilee in northern Israel who sought to reform Jewish beliefs and practices. He was executed as a revolutionary by the Romans. He is the basis of the world's largest religion; God's son and the second person of the Trinity

Judaism

The monotheistic religion of the Jews.

synagogue

Jewish place of worship

Zealots

People who banded together during the time of Christ to violently resist Roman occupation.

legion

A military unit of the ancient Roman army, consisting of about 5,000 foot soldiers and mounted soldiers.

Josephus

A first-century Jewish historian, appointed court historian by the Roman emperor Vespasian, he sided with the Romans

Masada

A mountaintop fortress where the Jews held off the Roman soldiers for three years.